Privative
发布时间:2018年08月16日
发布人:nanyuzi  

Privative

缺值

 

A type of opposition recognized in Prague School phonology, distinguished from gradual and equipollent. A privative opposition is a binary one, where one member is seen as marked by the presence of a feature, which its opposite member lacks (i.e. it is ‘unmarked’), as in the /p/ v. /b/ distinction in English, where the latter is seen as marked for voicing.

 

布拉格学派音系学承认的一类对立,区别于级差对立和等值对立。缺值对立是一种二分对立,一个成员因具有某一特征而视为有标记项,另一成员缺乏这一特征是无标记项,如英语/p/ 和/b/的区别,后者因有带声特征是有标记项。