Fortition

增强

A term used in phonology to refer to a strengthening in the overall force of a sound, whether diachronically or synchronically; opposed to lenition. Typically, fortition involves the change from a fricative to a stop, an approximant to a fricative, or a voiced to a voiceless sound (as in the devoicing of final obstruents in German).

音系学术语，指在历时或共时意义上加强一个音的总的力度；与减弱相对。典型的增强例子有擦音变为塞音，无擦通音变为擦音，带声音变为不带声音（如德语词尾阻塞音的清化）。