Acquisition

习得

In the study of the growth of language in children, a term referring to the process or result of learning (acquiring) a particular aspect of a language, and ultimately the language as a whole. Child language acquisition (or first-language acquisition) is the label usually given to the field of studies involved.

Acquisition is also used in the context of learning a foreign language: ‘foreign-’ or ‘second-language’ acquisition is thus distinguished from ‘first-language’ or ‘mother-tongue’ acquisition. In this context, acquisition is sometimes opposed to learning: the former is viewed as an environmentally natural process, the primary force behind foreign-language fluency; the latter is seen as an instructional process which takes place in a teaching context, guiding the performance of the speaker.

在儿童语言发展的研究中，指学会一种语言的某一方面和最终学会整个语言的过程和结果。这个研究的领域通常称作儿童语言习得。

“习得”还用来指学会一门外语：“外语”或“第二语言”习得因而有别于“第一语言”或“母语”习得。这种情形下“习得”有时跟“学会”对立：前者被视为一种下意识的、自然的过程，它是达到外语流利表达的主要动力；后者则被视为一种有意识地过程，它监测习得的进展并引导说话人的语言运用。