V Forms

V形式

An abbreviation used in sociolinguistics as part of the study of terms of address in various languages. Based on the distinction between tu and vous, the alternative forms of ‘you’ in French, and on similar contrasts in many other languages (e.g. German du/Sie, Russian ty/vy), an opposition is set up between formal (V) and familiar (T) second-person verb and pronoun forms. Hypotheses are then developed concerning the system of formality in use in the language.

社会语言学的一个缩略术语，用于各种语言中称呼语的研究。根据法语中“你”的两个不同形式tu“你”和vous“您”的对立，以及其他语言中类似的对立（如德语du/Sie，俄语ty/vy），第二人称动词和代名词形式可以有正式（V）和熟近（T）的对立。据此可提出有关各种语言使用的正式性系统的一些假设。