Anaphora
发布时间:2018年04月03日
发布人:nanyuzi  

Anaphora

复指

 

A term used in grammatical description for the process or result of a linguistic unit deriving its interpretation from some previously expressed unit or meaning (the antecedent). Anaphoric reference is one way of marking the identity between what is being expressed and what has already been expressed. In such a sentence as He did that there, each word has an anaphoric reference (i.e. they are anaphoric substitutes, or simply anaphoric words): the previous sentence might have been John painted this picture in Bermuda, for instance, and each word in the response would be anaphorically related to a corresponding unit in the preceding context. Anaphora is often contrasted with cataphora (where the words refer forward), and sometimes with deixis or exophora (where the words refer directly to the extralinguistic situation). It may, however, also be found subsuming both forwards- and backwards-referring functions. The process of establishing the antecedent of an anaphor is called anaphora (or anaphor) resolution, and is an important research aim in psycholinguistics and computational linguistics.

 

语法描写中用来指一个语言单位从先前某个已表达的单位或意义(先行语)得出自身释义的过程或结果。复指是标明正在表达的和已经表达的两者所指相同的一种方式。例如句子 He did that there“他在那儿干的那个”,其中每个词都起复指作用(即都是复指替代语,简称复指词):先前的句子也许是 John painted this picture in Bermuda“约翰在百慕大群岛画的这张画”,应答句中的每个词都与上文中的一个对应单位有复指关系。复指也称作上指,与下指(指称后面出现的词语)对立,有时也与直指或外指(直接指称语言外的情景)对立。但这个术语有时涵盖上指和下指两种功能。