Presupposition

预设

The philosophical uses of this term will be found in semantic discussion: a condition which must be satisfied if a particular state of affairs is to obtain, or (in relation to language) what a speaker assumes in saying a particular sentence, as opposed to what is actually asserted.

哲学使用的这个术语也见于语义学的讨论，即指某一事态成立所必须满足的条件，或（与语言有关）指说话人说某一句子时持有的假设，与断言相对立。