Raising

（1）提升

（2）升高

(1) A type of rule recognized in some models of transformational grammar. In a ‘raising-to object’ or object-raising rule, the linear constituents in a string consisting of a main clause + complement clause are bracketed so that the subject of the complement clause appears to have been raised to become the object of the higher clause. In a subject-raising rule, an underlying subject complement clause has the subject taken from it and ‘raised’ to be the subject of the main clause. Other syntactic applications of the term ‘raising’ may also be encountered.

(2) In phonetics and phonology, a vertical process affecting tongue height; opposed to lowering. In the course of language change, a vowel in an originally low position might be raised to a relatively high position.

（1）某些转换语法模型分出的一类规则。在“提升至宾语”或宾语提升规则中，一个由主要小句+补语小句组成的语符列，其线性组构成分加括分析为补语小句的主语似经“提升”而变为高位小句的宾语。在主语提升规则中，一个底层主语补语小句的主语被提取出来并“提升”为主要小句的主语。“提升”一词还常见于其他句法术语。

（2）语音学和音系学指影响舌位高度的垂直变化，与降低相对。语言演变过程中，原来处于低位的元音可升高至较高的位置。