2018年7月17日外交部发言人华春莹主持例行记者会
Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying’s Regular Press Conference on July 17, 2018
问：一段时间以来，美国通过发布多份报告，指责中国不遵守世贸组织规则，并将此作为对中国实施单边贸易措施的重要理由。中方对此有何评论？
Q: The US has issued several reports to accuse China of violating the WTO rules and cited these violations as reasons to launch unilateral trade measures against China. What is your comment?
答：中国加入世界贸易组织17年来，履约守信，付出巨大努力和代价，为世界经济作出了重要贡献，自2002年以来，中国对世界经济增长的年均贡献率接近30%，国际社会对此有目共睹。
A: 17 years have passed since the day that China was accepted to the WTO. During this whole time, China has been fulfilling its WTO obligations and keeping to its promises, even when it means enormous efforts and costs. Since 2002, China’s contribution to global economic growth has approached 30 percent on average, and the international community is well aware of these important contributions China has made to the world economy.
如果中国不遵守世贸组织规则，中国为什么选择加入世贸组织？当年中国政府作出“入世”决定，是因为笃信融入经济全球化符合历史潮流，促进自由开放贸易能够互利共赢。“入世”17年以来，中国初心不变，言行如一。中国大幅削减汽车关税，相关排量乘用车进口额从2001年到2017年年均增长26.4%，贸易逆差由8.7亿美元增至343.5亿美元。中央政府清理法律法规和部门规章2300多件，地方政府清理地方性政策法规19万件。
If China does not mean to abide by the WTO rules, then why did China choose to join the WTO in the first place? The Chinese government made that decision at that time out of a strong conviction that economic globalization corresponds with the call of the times and a high degree of trade liberalization and openness leads to mutual benefit and win-win results. Such conviction remains the same and has been guiding our actions all along the past 17 years. China had considerably lowered the duties on imported automobiles. From 2001 to 2017, imports of passenger cars with certain engine displacement registered an annual growth rate of 26.4%, with the auto trade deficit surging from US$ 870 million to US$34.35 billion. After its accession, China launched major efforts to review and revise relevant laws and regulations, involving 2,300 laws, regulations and departmental rules at central government level, and 190,000 policies and regulations at sub-central government levels.
如果中国不遵守世贸组织规则，中国为什么全面履行“入世”承诺？中方不久前发表了《中国与世界贸易组织》白皮书，用事实和数字说话，明确表明中国在货物降税、服务贸易开放、进口配额等非关税措施等方面已全面履行承诺，关税总水平由2001年的15.3%降至9.8%，民营企业和外商投资企业进出口占全国进出口总额的比重由2001年的57.5%上升到2017年的83.7%，服务领域外资准入门槛不断降低。中国对外支付知识产权费年均增长17%，发明专利申请量连续7年占据世界之首。
If China does not mean to abide by the WTO rules, then why has China been faithfully fulfilling its WTO accession commitments? China just published a white paper titled “China and the World Trade Organization” which illustrates with facts and figures that China has comprehensively fulfilled its commitments to the WTO with regard to lowering tariffs on goods, opening up to trade in services, eliminating import quotas and other non-tariff measures. The average tariff level was reduced from 15.3 percent in 2001 to 9.8 percent. Foreign trade by private companies and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) accounted for 83.7 percent of the country’s total trade volume, up from 57.5 percent in 2001. China has step by step lowered the threshold for foreign investment to enter the services sectors. Since 2001, intellectual property royalties paid by China to foreign right holders have registered an annual growth of 17 percent, and invention patent applications China received in 2017 ranked the first in the world for the seventh consecutive year.
如果中国不遵守世贸组织规则，中国为什么始终坚定维护WTO核心价值和基本原则？中方坚信，只有以契约精神遵守维护国际规则，才能维护多边贸易体制的权威性和有效性。中国始终倡导建设开放型世界经济，建设性参与贸易谈判等世贸组织工作，通过加入《贸易便利化协定》等推动贸易自由化便利化，全力支持发展中国家融入多边贸易体制，在主办亚太经合组织领导人北京非正式会议、二十国集团领导人杭州峰会、金砖国家领导人厦门会晤期间，推动将支持多边贸易体制、反对贸易保护主义写入成果文件。中国过去没有、现在没有、将来也不会动辄采取单边措施，违背自由开放、非歧视、关税约束、“特殊和差别待遇”等世贸组织的根基。在大是大非面前，中国讲原则、守信用、有担当。
If China does not mean to abide by the WTO rules, then why has China been a staunch supporter of the core values and basic principles of the WTO? China believes that only when the international rules are obeyed in the spirit of contract can the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral trading regime be upheld. As an advocator for an open world economy, China has been participating in trade negotiations and other WTO works in a constructive way, including promoting trade liberalization and facilitation via joining the Trade Facilitation Agreement, and vigorously supporting the integration of developing members into the multilateral trading system. During the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in Beijing, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and the BRICS Xiamen Summit, all hosted by China, we secured statements on supporting the multilateral trading system and opposing trade protectionism in the outcome documents of these summits. China has never imposed unilateral measures on others, nor have we acted against the basics of the WTO, namely free and open trade, non-discrimination, tariff constraints and special and differential treatment, and we have not the slightest intention of doing these things in the future. In face of major matters of principle, China will always prioritize principle, credibility and responsibility.
中国遵守世贸组织规则、履行世贸组织承诺的努力获得了国际社会的广泛认可。在前几天世贸组织对中国进行的第七次贸易政策审议中，各方普遍积极评价中国自主开放和继续全面深化改革的举措，高度赞赏中国对多边贸易体制的支持和贡献。世贸组织总干事阿泽维多表示，自中国2001年加入WTO以来，中国在世贸组织中的作用与日俱增，非常了不起，值得点赞。实际上，美国自己也已连续发布16份关于中国履行WTO承诺情况报告，除了今年，前15份中都未出现“做错了”这个说法。
China’s efforts to comply with the WTO rules and honor its commitments have won wide recognition from the international community. China underwent its seventh Trade Policy Review (TPR) by the WTO several days ago. During the review, China’s measures to pursue independent opening-up and comprehensively deepen reforms as well as China’s support and contribution to the multilateral trading system were spoken highly of by most participants. WTO Director-General Roberto Azevedo said that China’s role in the WTO has increased a lot which is very impressive and deserves a thumbs-up. In fact, the US side has so far issued 16 reports on China’s WTO compliance. Barring from this year’s report, none of the previous 15 ones mentioned that “China was wrong”.
再来看看美国。美方不仅把美国一个国家的利益凌驾在全球利益之上，而且把美方的国内规则凌驾于全球规则之上。在WTO，没有一个国家支持美方的单边主义行为。
Now let us take a look at the US. The US elevates its interests above the global interests, and its rules above the global rules. In the WTO, no country sides with the US unilateral acts.
刚刚来华出席第二十次中欧领导人会晤的欧洲理事会主席图斯克今年6月就曾指出：“基于规则的国际体制正在受到威胁，令人吃惊的是，造成威胁的不是别国，而是构建这一体制的美国。”包括美国彼得森国际经济研究所所长亚当·珀森等多位国际经济界权威专家也公开表示，今天的美国政府是对当今世界经济秩序的最大威胁。
President of the European Council Donald Tusk, who just wrapped up the 20th China-EU Summit here in Beijing, said in June that the rules-based international system is under threat, and to everyone’s surprise, the threat comes from no one but the US who built up this system. Many prominent international economists including President Adam Posen of the US Peterson Institute for International Economics also publicly said that today’s US government constitutes the biggest threat to the current world economic order.
知人者智，自知者明。中国将继续当遵守世贸组织规则的模范生，也希望美方用实际行动尊重和遵守WTO规则，维护以WTO为核心的多边贸易体制。
In China, we say that knowing others is intelligence, but knowing yourself is true wisdom. China will continue to be a role model in observing the WTO rules. We hope that the US could also respect and comply with the WTO rules and maintain the WTO-centered multilateral trading system.
问：第二十次中国欧盟领导人会晤昨天在北京举行。你如何评价这次会晤？
Q: The 20th China-EU Summit was held in Beijing yesterday. How do you comment on this meeting?
答：昨天，第二十次中国欧盟领导人会晤在北京成功举行。习近平主席会见了欧洲理事会主席图斯克和欧盟委员会主席容克，李克强总理同图斯克主席和容克主席共同主持了会晤。双方发表了《第二十次中国欧盟领导人会晤联合声明》，其中还包括《中欧领导人关于气候变化和清洁能源的联合声明》。
A: The 20th China-EU Summit was successfully held in Beijing yesterday. President Xi Jinping met with President of the European Council Donald Tusk and President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker. Premier Li Keqiang co-chaired the meeting along with President Tusk and President Juncker. The two sides issued the Joint Statement of the 20th China-EU Summit, including the Leaders’ Statement on Climate Change and Clean Energy.
双方一致同意，在当前纷繁复杂的国际形势下，中欧作为世界两大稳定力量和两大主要经济体，应加强战略沟通和协作，携手维护多边主义和基于规则的自由贸易体系，共同维护开放型世界经济，促进贸易和投资自由化便利化，完善全球经济，促进世界和平、稳定与发展。
The two sides agreed that in the current complex international landscape, China and the EU, as two major stabilizing forces globally and major economies in the world, need to step up strategic communication and coordination to jointly uphold multilateralism and rules-based free trade system, safeguard an open world economy, boost trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, improve global economy and promote world peace, stability and development.
图斯克主席和容克主席表示，欧中全面战略伙伴合作意义重大，欧盟感谢中国支持欧洲一体化进程，愿同中国扩大各领域合作。欧中都致力于多边主义，都主张维护以规则为基础的国际秩序，欧中双方应共同承担责任，抵制保护主义和单边主义，尊重公认的国际规则，汲取历史经验教训，在相互尊重基础上处理国家间关系，通过多边协商完善多边贸易体系。
President Tusk and President Juncker said that the China-EU comprehensive strategic partner cooperation is of great importance. The EU appreciates China’s support for the European integration process and is willing to expand cooperation with China in various fields. Both the EU and China are committed to multilateralism and maintain that the rules-based international order should be preserved. The EU and China share the responsibility in resisting protectionism and unilateralism, respecting universally accepted international rules, drawing lessons from the past, handling state-to-state relations on the basis of mutual respect and improving the multilateral trading system through multilateral negotiations.
特别值得一提的是，会晤期间双方宣布交换中欧投资协定的清单出价，标志着中欧投资协定谈判进入新阶段。这表明，面对单边主义和保护主义抬头的形势，中欧不仅有共同立场，也在用实际行动维护多边主义和自由贸易。这有利于进一步坚定中欧企业界开展合作的信心。
Most notably, the two sides exchanged market access offers after the meeting, which brings the Investment Agreement negotiations into a new phase. This showcases that in face of resurging unilateralism and protectionism, China and the EU are rooting for multilateralism and free trade, not only by holding common grounds but also by jointly taking concrete actions. This will also make the Chinese and EU business communities feel more confident in conducting cooperation.
今年是中国改革开放40周年。中方正在推进新一轮对外开放，宣布并实施了一系列开放新举措，未来还将向中国人民和世界交出全面深化改革、扩大开放的更好成绩单。相信这将为中国与包括欧盟在内的世界各国提供更加广阔的合作空间和更加光明的合作前景。
As we mark the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up this year, China has announced and is implementing a series of new measures to advance a new round of opening-up. The Chinese people and the whole world can count on us to deliver even better results when it comes to comprehensively deepening reform and expanding opening-up. We believe this will provide wider space and brighter prospects for cooperation between China and other countries including the EU.
我们愿同欧方认真落实领导人会晤达成的重要共识，在相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的基础上共同努力，推动中欧全面战略伙伴关系百尺竿头更进一步，为这个世界注入更多稳定性和正能量。
We stand ready to work with the EU to earnestly implement the consensus of the summit and advance the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership on the basis of mutual respect, fairness and justice and win-win cooperation so that the world could enjoy greater stability and more positive energy.
问：你刚才说中方将继续遵守WTO规则，《争端解决谅解》(DSU)第23条规定各国不得采取报复措施，而应该诉诸贸易纠纷解决程序。中国对美加征关税采取反制措施，是否意味着中国并未遵守WTO规则？
Q: You said that China would continue to abide by the WTO rules. Article 23 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding says that the country must not retaliate and it must go through the dispute settlement process. Does that mean that China is not following the WTO rules?
答：中方已经多次用事实和数据全面阐释了为什么中国忠实履行了入世承诺，遵守了WTO规则。
A: We have explained adequately with facts and figures why China has been faithfully honoring its accession commitments and the WTO rules.
你问为什么中方对于美方单方面加征关税要采取反制措施？商务部副部长王受文近日已经在日内瓦阐明了中方立场。美国依据301条款采取的措施是典型的单边主义做法，违反了世贸组织最惠国待遇原则和关税约束原则。美方明知其301条款违反世贸组织裁决，依然蔑视践踏多边规则，中方从维护多边贸易体制立场出发，第一时间将美措施诉诸世贸组织争端解决机制。按照世贸组织解决争端正常程序，对已经裁定违法的301条款措施，仍需2年才有结果。面对美方无理讹诈，中方被迫采取必要回应措施，这一回应既有充分的事实基础，也有坚实的国内法和国际规则依据。近期，大家都看到，针对美国232条款措施等单边主义措施，包括加拿大、墨西哥等多个世贸组织成员国也都采取了相应反制措施。
You want to know why China took countermeasures in response to the US unilateral imposition of tariffs. The Vice Minister Wang Shouwen of the Commerce Ministry already made clear China’s position in Geneva the other day. The US measures under Section 301 are typical of unilateralism in violation of the WTO rules of the most-favored-nation treatment and tariff constrains. The US is fully aware that its Section 301 contravenes the WTO ruling, yet it still chose to disdain and trample on the multilateral rules. Out of the position to safeguard the multilateral trading system, China immediately referred the US measures to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. However, going through the normal procedures of the WTO dispute settlement means that China would have to wait two years for any outcome on the US Section 301 measures that are already deemed illegal. The Chinese side is forced to make necessary response to the US blackmail and extortion, and our response is backed up by solid facts and sufficient domestic laws and international rules. You may have noticed that quite a few WTO members, like Canada and Mexico, have taken corresponding countermeasures in response to the US unilateral acts under Section 232.
问：昨天，俄罗斯总统普京和美国总统特朗普在芬兰赫尔辛基举行会晤。中方对此次会晤有何评价？你认为会晤是否会影响中俄关系和中美关系？
Q: Yesterday, Russian President Vladimir Putin and US President Donald Trump met in Helsinki, Finland. How do you comment on the results of the meeting? How will this meeting influence the relationship between China and Russia and between China and the US?
答：我们注意到有关报道。中方对俄美元首在赫尔辛基举行会晤表示欢迎。俄罗斯和美国都是联合国安理会常任理事国和具有重要国际影响的大国，对国际和平与安全负有重要责任。中方乐见俄美改善关系。希望双方加强沟通对话、扩大合作，这有利于世界和平与发展事业，有利于国际社会携手应对共同挑战。
A: We have noted relevant reports. China welcomes the meeting between the leaders of Russia and the US in Helsinki. As permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and major countries commanding global influence, Russia and the US shoulder important responsibilities for global peace and security. China welcomes the improvement of Russia-US relations. We hope that the two sides will step up communication and expand cooperation. This is conducive to the cause of world peace and development and the joint efforts of the international community to address common challenges.
我们对中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系充满信心，中俄关系不会受到任何外部因素影响。我们对发展中美关系的立场也是一贯明确的。
We are fully confident in the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination, and the China-Russia relations will not be affected by any external factor. Our stance on the development of the China-US relations is also consistent and clear-cut.
问：你刚才说中国依法对美采取反制措施，那么你能否说明是哪些具体的法律？
Q: You said that China has taken relevant countermeasures in accordance with laws. Can you be specific what those laws are?
答：你问的很具体，我建议你去问中国商务部主管官员，他们一直在很专业地处理有关问题。其实你倒不妨去问问美方有关官员，他们进行的所谓301调查和加征关税措施，依据的是什么法。
A: What you just asked is quite technical, so I need to refer you to officials of the Ministry of Commerce who have been very professionally handling relevant issues. You may also need to ask the US officials on what legal basis did they carry out the Section 301 investigation and impose additional tariffs.
问：据澳大利亚媒体报道，美国和澳大利亚将于7月23日至24日举行外交国防“2+2”磋商，其中一项议题是讨论应对中国对太平洋岛国的“恶意干涉”问题。中方对此有何评论？
Q: The Australian media reported that countering China’s “pernicious meddling” in the Pacific island countries is on the agenda of the annual Australia-US Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN) on July 23 and 24. What is your comment?
答：我看到了有关报道。我们对美澳即将举行的外交国防“2+2”磋商予以关注。希望美澳有关磋商的目的是真正促进地区的和平稳定。
A: I have seen relevant reports. We are following the upcoming AUSMIN. We hope the relevant consultations will really serve to promote regional peace and stability.
关于应对中国对太平洋岛国的所谓“恶意干涉”，我不知道这真的是美澳磋商的一项议题，还是仅仅是媒体的一种猜测。但大家一定都还记得，针对前一段时间个别媒体有关中国与太平洋岛国关系的恶意炒作，太平洋岛国的多位领导人和一些主流媒体纷纷挺身而出，澄清事实、公布真相。他们表示，和某些国家不同，中国善于倾听太平洋岛国人民的心声，在充分尊重太平洋岛国政府和人民意愿、充分考虑太平洋岛国发展需要的基础上，给予岛国最需要的帮助。
As to the so-called China’s “pernicious meddling” in the Pacific island countries (PIC), I don’t know whether this is a set item on the agenda of the AUSMIN, or just a speculation of the media. But you may still remember the malicious hyping-up targeting the relations between China and PIC by some media not long ago, which was refuted and cleared up by several leaders and mainstream media of those countries. They said that the main difference between China and certain countries is that China listens to what the people of PIC have to say, and China offers the most wanted help on the basis of fully respecting the will of the PIC governments and people and taking into full account their development needs.
这里我还有一个最近的例子。中国海军“和平方舟”医院船近日访问了巴布亚新几内亚，为当地民众提供免费诊疗服务，完成诊疗4000余人次，受到当地民众热烈欢迎。巴新总理奥尼尔登上了“和平方舟”医院船，高度赞誉“和平方舟”的再次到访进一步增进了两国人民的友谊，深化了两国战略伙伴关系。
A recent case may be of interest to you. The Chinese naval medical ship Ark Peace visited Papua New Guinea days ago, offering free medical diagnoses and treatments to local residents. The medical ship was met with warm response from the locals and has so far received more than 4,000 people seeking medical treatment. Papua New Guinea’s Prime Minister Peter O’Neill boarded the Ark Peace and highly commended the vessel’s second mission to his country and its role in enhancing bilateral friendship and strategic partnership.
除巴新外，此次“和平方舟”医院船还将赴瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加等太平洋岛国提供人道主义医疗服务。我想，这仅仅是中国与太平洋岛国发展友好关系、增进当地民众福祉的又一生动事例。中方将继续在和平共处五项原则基础上发展同各岛国友好合作关系，为支持岛国经济和社会发展，维护岛国地区的和平稳定作出更大贡献。
Besides Papua New Guinea, the Ark Peace will set sails to other Pacific island countries including Vanuatu, Fiji and Tonga to provide humanitarian medical services. I believe this is only one of the many touching stories testifying to China’s commitment to developing friendly relations with Pacific island countries and enhancing the well-being of the local people. China will continue to develop friendly cooperative ties with these island countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence and make greater contribution to supporting their socio-economic development and upholding regional peace and stability.