坚守自由贸易理念，引领开放融通潮流
Uphold Free Trade and Lead the Trend of Openness and Connectivity
刘晓明大使在苏格兰商会晚宴上的主旨演讲
Keynote Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the Scottish Chamber of Commerce Dinner
圣安德鲁斯老俱乐部饭店，2018年5月2日
Old Course Hotel, St. Andrews, 2 May 2018
尊敬的苏格兰商会主席阿兰先生，
尊敬的苏格兰副首席部长斯温尼先生，
尊敬的苏格兰商会执行总裁卡梅伦女士，
尊敬的苏格兰商会国际贸易大使瓦伦坦先生，
女士们、先生们：
President Tim Allan,
Deputy First Minister John Swinney,
Ms. Liz Camron,
Ambassador David Valentine,
Ladies and Gentlemen:
大家晚上好！
Good evening!
很高兴再次出席苏格兰商会晚宴。我上次到访苏格兰是去年金秋9月。时隔半年，在春意盎然的美好时节再次与各位新老朋友相聚一堂，不仅倍感亲切，也深深感受到中国与苏格兰合作蓬勃发展的生机与活力。
It is a real delight to join you, my Scottish friends both old and new, at the Scottish Chamber of Commerce (SCC) dinner on this lovely spring day. Last time I was here, it was a golden September day six months ago. It is great to be back and feel the strong pulse of China-Scotland cooperation.
我认为，中国与苏格兰的合作正展现出“三个度”：
To summarize our cooperation, I would like to use three E’s.
第一，政治引领达到“新高度”。今年初，梅首相成功访华，两国领导人就提升两国关系战略性、务实性、全球性和包容性达成广泛共识。上个月，苏格兰首席部长斯特金女士对中国的访问圆满成功、成果丰硕。苏格兰政府即将发表第三份对华合作“五年规划”，这充分体现出苏格兰政府对发展对华关系给予的高度重视和发挥的重要引领作用。
The first “E” is elevated political guidance. At the beginning of this year, Prime Minister May paid a successful visit to China. During the visit, the leaders of our two countries agreed to build a more strategic, practical, global and inclusive bilateral relationship. Last month, First Minister Sturgeon visited China and came back with fruitful outcomes. The Scottish government is going to issue its third five-year plan on cooperation with China. This is strong evidence that the Scottish government attaches great importance and given strong guidance to developing relations with China.
第二，经贸合作拓展“新广度”。近年来，中苏经贸合作发展迅速，中国已成为苏格兰第四大出口国和第三大进口国。2017年，苏格兰对华出口增长40%以上，其中威士忌出口额达6100万英镑。中国对苏投资势头强劲，中海油、国投电力、比亚迪集团、携程旅行等中国公司纷纷在苏格兰投资兴业，成为中苏合作新亮点。一个特别值得提到的例子是，在风景宜人的列文湖畔，有一家创建于1867年的本地企业——托尼邓肯羊绒纱线公司。2009年该公司出现经营困难，危急时刻得到一家中国羊绒企业全额注资。这家“百年老店”不仅保住200多个就业岗位，还在2017年扭亏为盈，为当地经济和社区发展做出了贡献。
The second “E” is extensive trade and economic ties. Following the rapid growth of trade and economic cooperation in recent years, China is now Scotland’s fourth largest export market and third largest source of import. In 2017, Scottish export to China increased by over 40%, twice the increase rate of total British export, with Whiskey export reaching £61 million. Chinese investment made strong headway in Scotland. Many Chinese companies, such as China National Offshore Oil Corporation, SDIC Power, BYD and Ctrip, have set up businesses in Scotland. This has become a new highlight of our cooperation. Here I want to mention the story of Todd & Duncan by the beautiful Loch Leven. This Scottish manufacturer of cashmere yarn established in 1867 ran into difficulties in 2009 and was acquired by a Chinese cashmere producer. This acquisition not only secured over 200 jobs, but also helped the century-old company get out of the red in 2017. This has been a valuable contribution to the local community and its economy.
第三，人文交流呈现“新热度”。2017年，来苏格兰旅游的中国游客同比增长超过120%，人均消费增长49.9%，爱丁堡成为伦敦以外最受中国游客欢迎的英国城市。爱丁堡艺术节蜚声世界，2017年有50多个中国艺术团参加艺术节活动。苏格兰拥有众多世界一流大学，与中国高校合作日益密切，目前有超过1万名中国留学生在苏格兰读书。苏格兰设有5所孔子学院和44个孔子课堂，是世界上人均孔子学院和孔子课堂数量最多的地区，数万名中小学生正在学习中国语言和文化。昨天，我刚刚出席了苏格兰最北部，也是全英最北部的孔子课堂—中耶尔中学孔子课堂的揭幕仪式。
The third “E” is enthusiastic cultural and people-to-people exchanges. In 2017, the number of Chinese tourists visiting Scotland increased by over 120% compared with last year, with spending per person up by 49.9%. Edinburgh has become the second most popular British city for Chinese tourists after London. The world-famous Edinburgh Art Festival drew over 50 Chinese art troupes in 2017.Scotland is home to many world-leading universities. The University of St Andrews I visited this morning is one of them. These universities are building closer partnerships with Chinese universities, and have drawn over 10,000 Chinese students to study here in Scotland. Scotland is also home to five Confucius Institutes and forty-four Confucius Classrooms. In proportion to its population, Scotland has more Confucius Institutes and Classrooms than any other parts of the world. Tens of thousands of primary and middle school students here are learning the Chinese language and Chinese culture. I am happy to tell you that yesterday I unveiled the Confucius Classroom in the farthest and northernmost part of Scotland, and of Britain. That is Mid Yell Junior High School.
女士们、先生们，
Ladies and gentlemen,
上述成绩的取得离不开中国和苏格兰各界人士的共同努力和辛勤付出。长期以来，苏格兰商会大力拓展对华交流与合作，为促进两国经贸、投资、能源、基础设施合作做出了积极贡献，我对此表示赞赏。上个月，苏格兰商会与中方有关部门签署了旨在加强中苏贸易关系的谅解备忘录，鼓励苏格兰企业界参与“一带一路”合作。展望未来，如何进一步深化中国和苏格兰经贸合作。我认为，需要把握好“三个意识”：
These “three E’s” could not have been possible without the joint efforts of people of all sectors from China and Scotland, including the Scottish Chamber of Commerce (SCC). SCC has long been committed to expanding cooperation between Scotland and China in trade, investment, energy and infrastructure development. Last month, an MOU was signed between SCC and China on advancing trade between the two sides and encouraging Scottish firms to engage in Belt and Road development. I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to SCC for your efforts and contribution. Looking ahead, I have three suggestions on stepping up China-Scotland trade and economic cooperation:
一是要有长远意识。当今世界正处于大发展大变革大调整时期。“黄金时代”是中英两国领导人为中英关系锚定的历史方位和前进方向，也是中苏经贸合作行稳致远的重要保障。我们要从长远角度出发，看待和规划双方经贸合作，不追逐短期利益，不搞一锤子买卖，共同打造互利共赢格局，为中苏关系发展注入新活力，为中英关系“黄金时代”增光添彩。
First, take a long-term view. The world is undergoing profound development and transformation. Against this background, the Chinese and British leaders made the historic decision to forge a China-UK “Golden Era”. This has set the compass and charted the course for China-UK relationship as a whole. It is also an important guarantee for the steady and long-term trade and economic cooperation between China and Scotland. China-Scotland cooperation is not a one-shot deal. It is important that we avoid short-sightedness and take a long term view of our economic and trade partnership. We need to make it win-win. And this will in turn boost overall China-Scotland relations and contribute to the China-UK “Golden Era”.
二是要有机遇意识。当前，中国已从高速增长转向高质量发展阶段，正在深化供给侧结构性改革，实施创新驱动发展，大力发展绿色金融、节能环保、清洁能源等产业。“一带一路”倡议源于中国，但机会和成果属于世界。苏格兰在加工制造、能源、创新等领域具有独特优势。双方应抢抓创新转型、“一带一路”等合作机遇，加强优势互补，共同做大合作蛋糕。
My second suggestion is to seize the opportunities. China is transitioning from high-speed growth to high-quality growth. We are taking measures to deepen supply-side structural reform. These include implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, and focusing on green finance, energy conservation, environmental protection and clean energy. China also proposed the Belt and Road Initiative to share its development opportunities and outcomes with the world. Scotland has unique strengths in processing, manufacturing, energy and innovation. The complementarity between our two sides is obvious. We should leverage our respective strengths and grab the opportunities arising from innovation, economic transformation and the Belt and Road Initiative. Together we can make the pie bigger so that everyone gets a larger share.
三是要有行动意识。“心动不如行动”，撸起袖子加油干才能让双方民众有更多获得感。今年11月，中国将在上海举办首届中国国际进口博览会，这是中国向世界开放市场的重大务实举措。苏格兰商品深受中国人民喜爱。我在此诚挚邀请苏格兰企业赴华参展，把你们的优质商品和服务带到中国，进一步提升苏格兰产品在中国和世界的知名度。中国近14亿人口的广阔市场正在向你们招手。
My third suggestion is to take concrete actions. To quote President Xi, we should “roll up our sleeves” and get down to business if we are to deliver benefits to our people. China has taken concrete steps to open up its market to the world. This coming November, China will host the first International Import Expo in Shanghai. This will be a good opportunity for Scottish companies to introduce your high-quality products and services to the Chinese market and build up your brand names in China as well as in the world. I know some of the Scottish products have already won the heart of the Chinese people. With a population of 1.4 billion, we have a huge market for more of your products and services. Actions speak louder than words. Now is the time for action!
女士们，先生们，
Ladies and gentlemen,
阿兰主席和瓦伦坦大使希望我谈一下当前普遍关注的中国和美国之间的贸易争端。近期，我在英国主流大报上发表了三篇文章，从不同角度阐述了中方立场和主张。
President Allan and David asked me to talk about the trade dispute between China and the US, which is drawing world attention. To explain China’s positions, I published three articles recently on major British newspapers, each from a different perspective.
我想强调的是，人类文明经过几千年的洗礼，和平与发展已经成为世界人民的共同心声，合作与共赢已经成为世界发展的主流共识，经济全球化、贸易自由化已成为不可逆转的时代潮流。在这样的时代背景下，美国政府依据所谓“301调查”，单方面宣布对中国产品加证关税，并在知识产权保护、在华外资企业技术转让等对中国横加指责。美方的言行属于典型的单边主义和贸易保护主义，可谓既损人，也不利己；既损害多边贸易体制，也加剧世界经济的风险和不确定性。这场贸易争端在一定程度上已演化成单边主义和多边主义之争、保护主义和自由贸易之争。
I want to reiterate that, after thousands of years of development, human civilization has come to a stage where, Peace and development is the common aspiration of the people of the whole world; Win-win cooperation is the broad consensus; And globalization and trade liberalization is an irreversible trend of the times. The US announcement of investigation and tariff measures on Chinese goods pursuant to “Section 301” is a typically unilateral, protectionist move. And its accusations against China on IPR protection and technology transfer are totally wrong. Such actions of the US will do harm to both sides. They also undermine the multi-lateral trade regime and increase the risks and uncertainties in the world economy. In a sense, this trade dispute is evolving into a debate about unilateralism vs. multilateralism, about protectionism vs. free trade.
值此重要关口，世界都很关注，中国何去何从？习近平主席对此给予清晰的答案。他说：“中国作为负责任的大国，愿同国际社会一道，在开放中合作、以合作求共赢，为给世界带来光明、稳定、美好的前景发挥积极作用。”在此，我想重点介绍一下中国将采取的三方面具体举措：
The world is watching how China will act at this critical moment. President Xi has given a clear-cut answer. He said that as a responsible major country, China is willing to, together with the international community, conduct cooperation in opening up and pursue win-win results through cooperation in a bid to play a positive role in bringing bright, stable and beautiful prospects to the world. Let me share with you China’s three commitments to the world.
第一，中国将致力于维护多边贸易体制。贸易促进了世界经济增长，贸易自由化早已成为国际社会的共识。中国是国际贸易体系的受益者和贡献者，也是维护国际自由贸易的坚定力量。自2001年加入世贸组织以来，中国关税总水平从15.3%下降到9.8%，制造业准入限制减少了50多条，服务业不同程度开放将近120个部门。中国已是全球124个国家的最大贸易伙伴，是54个世贸组织成员的前三大货物出口市场。从引进来到走出去，从加入世贸组织到共建“一带一路”，中国已连续多年对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%，成为世界经济增长的主要稳定器和动力源。未来，中国将继续高举自由贸易旗帜，推动构建以世贸组织为核心的多边贸易体制，推动打造开放、公正、公平的国际贸易体系。
First, China is committed to upholding the multi-lateral trade regime. Trade is a key factor in world economic growth. Therefore, facilitating trade liberalization has been the consensus of the international community. China has benefited from and contributed to the international trade regime. We are a staunch supporter for free trade. Since becoming a WTO member in 2001, China has cut average tariffs from 15.3% to 9.8%, removed over 50 access restrictions on the manufacturing sector, and opened about 120 sectors of the service industry to different degrees. China is now the largest trading partner of 124 countries and one of the top three export markets for goods from 54 WTO members. Over the years, China has encouraged two-way trade and investment; proposed the Belt and Road Initiative; and contributed over 30% of world economic growth every year. China has been a major stabilizer and powerhouse for world economic growth. Going forward, China will continue to hold high the banner of free trade; China will facilitate the building of the multi-lateral trade regime with the WTO as its core. And China will help foster an open, equitable and fair international trade system.
第二，中国将致力于进一步扩大对外开放。历史一再证明，封闭最终只能走进死胡同，只有开放合作，路才能越走越宽。改革开放40年来，我们敞开胸襟、拥抱世界，书写了年均GDP增长约9.5%、7亿多贫困人口脱贫的“中国奇迹”。中国经济发展是在开放条件下取得的，未来发展也必须在更加开放条件下进行。中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。下一步，中国将大幅度放宽市场准入，推动银行、证券、保险等服务业开放措施落地，放宽汽车、船舶、飞机等行业外资股比限制的措施，全面放开制造业。上周末，中国证监会发布了《外商投资证券公司管理办法》，这是中国证券业扩大开放的最新举措。我们还将加强与国际经贸规则对接，增强透明度，坚持依法办事，创造更有吸引力的投资环境。今年上半年，中国将完成修订外商投资负面清单工作，全面落实准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度。这些都体现了中国扩大开放的坚定决心和步伐。
Second, China is committed to further opening up its market. History has proved time and again that shutting oneself in will lead to a dead end; Opening up and inclusive cooperation are the right path leading to broad and bright prospects. Forty years ago, China decided to embark on the road of reform and opening up. Since then, China has embraced the world with open arms. We have created the “China miracle”, namely, 9.5% average annual growth and over 700 million people out of poverty. China’s economic development is achieved in an open market, and its future development requires greater openness of its market. Therefore, China’s door of opening up will not be closed and will only open even wider. We will greatly increase market access. We will implement the opening-up measures in banking, securities, insurance and other parts of the service sector. We will raise the limit on foreign ownership in joint-venture firms involved in automobile, ship building and aircraft industries. And we will completely open up the manufacturing sector. Last weekend, China Securities Regulatory Commission released the Administrative Measures for Foreign-Invested Securities Companies. This was the most recent step to further open up China’s securities sector. At the same time, we will strengthen alignment with international rules and improve transparency and rule of law, with a view to creating a favorable environment for investment. In the first half of this year, China will issue a new negative list for foreign investment and complete the implementation of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list. All these concrete steps are testaments to China’s firm determination to greater openness.
第三，中国将致力于加大知识产权保护。知识产权保护是完善产权保护制度最重要的内容，也是提高中国经济竞争力最大的激励。2001年加入世贸组织前后，中国全面系统修订了知识产权法律法规，建立了符合国际通行规则和中国国情的知识产权法律体系。近年来，中国全社会对知识产权的保护和应用意识显著提升。2017年中国对外支付的知识产权使用费达到286亿美元，是2001年入世时的15倍多。当然，中国作为最大发展中国家，在保护知识产权问题上还存在不少“成长的烦恼”。为此，我们一方面将加大执法力度，重新组建国家知识产权局，进一步完善知识产权管理体制，加快推动“专利法”修订，加大对侵权行为的惩治。另一方面加强国际合作，将充分利用与英国、欧盟、美国等建立的知识产权对话交流机制平台，增进国际共识，共同推动全球知识产权体系向平衡、普惠、包容的方向发展。
Third, China is committed to improving IP protection. Improving IP protection is the most important part in building a complete system of property protection. This is also central to China’s economic competitiveness. Following a complete and systematic legal revision at the time of its accession to the WTO in 2001, China has established a full-fledged system of domestic IPR laws and regulations that conforms to international practice and reflects China’s national conditions. Public awareness of IPR has been notably increased in recent years. In 2017, China paid $28.6 billion in intellectual property royalties to overseas rights owners -- 15 times the amount paid in 2001. Of course, as the largest developing country, China still needs to deal with “growing pains” in IP protection. On the one hand, China will step up law enforcement. The State Intellectual Property Office is being restructured to improve the IP management system. The process of amending the Patent Law will be accelerated, which will strengthen the legal measures against IPR infringement. On the other hand, China is enhancing its cooperation with other countries on IP protection. We will make full use of our IP dialogues with the UK, the EU and the US to build up international consensus. We hope to work with our international partners to build a global IP system that is more balanced, inclusive and universally beneficial.
女士们、先生们，
Ladies and gentlemen,
数百年来，英国以贸易立国和强国，一直是贸易自由化的践行者和引领者。直到今天，英国依然流淌着自由贸易的血液。1776年，苏格兰著名哲学家、经济学家亚当斯密撰写《国富论》，为现代自由贸易奠定了理论基石。1902年，中国第一批留英学生的杰出人物严复把它译成中文介绍到中国。由于历史上多种原因，中国的对外贸易起步较晚，但后来者居上，中国现在已经成为世界贸易第一大国。中英在维护多边贸易体制、反对保护主义方面拥有广泛共同利益。
The UK established itself as a global power through trade. For hundreds of years, Britain has pursued free trade and led the global efforts in facilitating trade liberalization. Today, Britain still has free trade running in its blood. In 1776, Adam Smith, the famous Scottish philosopher and economist, published The Wealth of Nations. This was the work that laid the theoretical foundation for free trade in modern times. In 1902, this book was translated into Chinese by Yan Fu, one of the first Chinese students in Britain. Due to historical reasons, China was a late starter in foreign trade. But we have caught up quickly and we are now the world’s largest trader in goods. China and the UK have extensive common interests in upholding the multi-lateral trade regime and opposing protectionism.
苏格兰有句谚语：“不守诺言是最大的欺骗。”中国人常说：“人无信不立。”我衷心希望，在贸易保护主义抬头、逆全球化思潮泛起的今天，中英双方应共同坚守自由贸易理念，共同引领开放融通潮流，为建立开放型世界经济，为构建人类命运共同体做出我们应有的贡献！
The Scottish people say, “There is no greater fraud than a promise not kept.” A similar saying in China reads, “One cannot establish himself without credibility.” China and the UK are committed to free trade. Now, in face of surging protectionism and anti-globalization backlash, it is all the more important that we stay true to our commitment. I sincerely hope that our two countries will join hands in upholding free trade and leading the trend of openness and connectivity. Together we can make greater contribution to the building of an open world economy and a community with a shared future for mankind.
谢谢！
Thank you!
下面我愿回答大家的提问。
Now, I would like to take your questions.