风雨同行，龙象共舞
Charting a New Course for Dragon-Elephant Tango
澎湃新闻刊登驻印度大使孙卫东就中印建交70周年撰写的署名文章
Chinese Ambassador to India H.E. Sun Weidong Publishes Article in Chinese Media The Paper on the 70th Anniversary of China-India Relations
2020年4月1日
1 April 2020
2020年4月1日，我们将迎来中印建交70周年的重要时刻。
On April 1st, 2020, we will embrace the important moment of the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and India.
放眼世界，中印作为仅有的人口超过10亿的新兴国家，肩负着民族复兴的历史使命，在发展中国家群体性崛起过程中发挥引领作用，为当今百年未有之大变局注入强大动能。中印于世界的份量，从未像今天这般凸显。此时此刻，重温70年前两国建交初心，发扬睦邻友好、团结合作精神，显得尤为重要。站在新的起点，传承两国人民跨越千年深厚友谊，深化两大文明交流互鉴，也将为中印探索构建相邻新兴大国相处之道注入新的内涵。
As the only two emerging countries with a population of more than 1 billion in the world, China and India shoulder the historical mission of national rejuvenation, play a leading role in the collective rise of developing countries, and inject strong momentum into the profound changes of the world unseen in a century. The two countries have never been as relevant as they are today. At this moment, it is particularly imperative to recall the original aspiration of establishing diplomatic ties 70 years ago and carry forward the spirit of good-neighborly friendship, solidarity and cooperation between our two countries. From this new chapter, we should carry forward the profound friendship between our two peoples spanning thousands of years, deepen exchanges and mutual learning between our two civilizations and add new dimensions to the way for China and India to explore on how to coexist with each other between major emerging and neighboring countries.
中印是风雨同行的同路人。两国在民族解放运动中并肩战斗，独立自主、民族复兴是我们共同追求的目标，和平共处五项原则是我们为国际关系贡献的共同智慧。今天，维护发展中国家正当权益是我们共同的声音，建立更加公正合理的国际秩序成为我们共同的愿望。正如习近平主席所说，中印用一个声音说话，全世界都会倾听。
China and India are fellow travelers against all odds. Our two countries had fought side by side in the national liberation movement. Independence and national rejuvenation are our common goals and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence represent our shared wisdom in contributing to international relations. Today, we speak for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries, and share common aspiration of building a more just and equitable international order. Just as President Xi Jinping said, if China and India speak in one voice, the whole world will listen.
中印是改革发展的领航者。两国在上世纪八、九十年代先后走上改革发展的道路，在世界快速变革、经济迅猛发展的大潮中互学互鉴，勇于争先。今天，中印分别成长为世界第二和第五大经济体，经济总量已占亚洲的二分之一、世界经济的五分之一，成为拉动地区和全球经济增长的重要引擎。
China and India are pilots in the trends of reform and development. In the 1980s and 1990s, the two countries embarked on the path of economic reform and development one after another. We have been learning from each other and riding high on the tides of global rapid changes and economic development. Today, China and India rank the second and fifth largest economies in the world, accounting for half of the Asian economy and one fifth of the world. Our two countries have emerged as important engines of regional and global economic growth.
中印是文明互鉴的践行者。两国在历史长河中互通有无。中国的造纸术、蚕丝、瓷器、茶叶传入印度，印度歌舞、天文、建筑、香料等传入中国。张骞出使西域，郑和七下西洋、六次抵印。佛兴天竺，法流东国，法显、玄奘、鸠摩罗什、菩提达摩等高僧大德梯山航海，留下众多佳话。今天，中印人文交流掀起新一轮热潮。两国已建立14对友省友城，人员往来突破百万，太极与瑜伽、中医与阿育吠陀、宝莱坞电影和中国功夫片在对方国家广受欢迎，谱写出中印两大文明相互尊重、和谐共处的新篇章。
China and India are practitioners of mutual learning among civilizations. The two countries have a long history of trade and exchange. China’s paper making, silk, porcelain and tea were exported to India, while Indian singing and dancing, astronomy, architecture and spices were introduced to China, which became the historical witness of the mutual exchanges between the two sides. Zhang Qian was sent on a diplomatic mission to the Western Regions. Zheng He sailed to the Western Ocean seven times and visited India six times. Originating in India, Buddhism thrived in China. Eminent monks like Faxian, Xuan Zang, Kumarajiva and Bodhidharma made the expeditions by crossing over mountains and sailing the deep sea. All of them left touching stories. Today, people-to-people and cultural exchanges between China and India set off a new wave, with 14 pairs of sister provinces or cities established and mutual personnel visits exceeding one million annually. Tai Ji and Yoga, Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, Bollywood films and Chinese Kongfu movies have gained popularity in each others’ country. It is a new chapter of mutual respect and harmonious coexistence between the two civilizations.
中印是同舟共济的互助者。当前，面对肆虐全球的新冠肺炎疫情，中印正在携手抗疫。习近平主席在出席二十国集团领导人应对新冠肺炎特别峰会时强调，疫情正在全球蔓延，国际社会最需要的是坚定信心、齐心协力、团结应对，携手赢得这场人类同重大传染性疾病的斗争。印方予以积极呼应。印度总理莫迪向习近平主席致慰问信，社会各界以各种方式声援中国。两国外长两次通电话，中方主动同印方分享疫情防控经验，中资机构和中国社会慈善组织向印度提供抗疫捐助。中印同舟共济，诠释了构建人类命运共同体的应有之义。
China and India are partners sailing in the same boat. Facing with outbreaks of COVID-19 pandemic around the world, China and India are standing side by side and helping with each other, which highlights the significance of building a community with a shared future for mankind. At the Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit via video link, President Xi Jinping emphasized on that it is imperative for the international community to strengthen confidence, act with unity and work together in a collective response, as the COVID-19 outbreak is spreading worldwide. We must comprehensively step up international cooperation and foster greater synergy so that humanity as one could win the battle against such a major infectious disease. The Indian side echoed these remarks positively. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi sent a letter of condolence to Chinese President Xi Jinping, expressing support for China’s anti-epidemic efforts. Our two Foreign Ministers had two phone calls, and China has taken the initiative to share its experience in epidemic prevention and control with India. Chinese companies and social charity organizations provided anti-epidemic donations to India. China and India have worked together to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
回顾建交70年历程，中印关系栉风沐雨，砥砺前行，走过了一段段不平凡的发展道路：
In retrospect of seven decades journey, China-India relations have forged ahead despite ups and downs, and traversed an extraordinary path of development:
一是上世纪五十年代，关键词是独立自主。毛泽东主席、尼赫鲁总理等两国老一辈领导人作出中印建交的历史决定。印度是第一个同新中国建交的非社会主义国家。周恩来总理与尼赫鲁总理实现互访，倡导和平共处五项原则，共同出席万隆会议。“印地秦尼巴依巴依”（印中人民是兄弟）的口号家喻户晓。
The first key word is independence in the 1950s. The older generation of the two countries such as Chairman Mao Zedong, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made the historic decision of establishing diplomatic ties. India was the first non-socialist country to have diplomatic relations with China. Premier Zhou Enlai and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru exchanged visits, jointly advocated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and attended the Bandung Conference together. “Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai” (Indian and Chinese people are brothers) rang through our two countries.
二是上世纪七十年代以后，关键词是聚焦发展。1988年，拉吉夫·甘地总理对华开启“破冰之旅”，邓小平同志在会见中提出用和平共处五项原则来指导国际关系。双方达成重要共识，同意通过和平友好方式协商解决边界问题，在寻求双方都能接受的边界问题解决办法同时，积极发展其它方面的关系。之后两国关系得到全方位发展。两国领导人频繁互访，中印建立面向和平与繁荣的战略合作伙伴关系。
The second one is development in the 1980s and beyond. In 1988, Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi embarked on an “ice-breaking visit” to China. During the visit, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping reiterated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as guideline of international relations. The two sides agreed to resolve the boundary question through peaceful and friendly consultations and seek a mutually acceptable solution and meanwhile, the relations in other fields could be actively promoted. Since then, the bilateral relations had developed in all areas, witnessing frequent mutual visits between the two leaders and establishment of the Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity between China and India.
三是2013年以后，关键词是战略沟通。习近平主席和莫迪总理于2014和2015年分别开展“家乡外交”，建立良好工作关系和个人友谊。两位领导人分别在武汉和金奈举行两次非正式会晤，开创了领导人交往新模式。双方就国际和地区的全局性、长期性、战略性问题进行战略沟通，一致同意加强两国更加紧密的发展伙伴关系。
The third one is strategic communication beginning in 2013. President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Narendra Modi established good working relations and personal friendship through “hometown diplomacy” in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The two leaders held two informal summits in Wuhan and Chennai in the past two years, creating a new model of exchanges between leaders. The two sides conducted strategic communication on overall, long-term and strategic international and regional issues and agreed to strengthen the Closer Developmental Partnership between China and India.
中印关系今天成果来之不易，凝聚了几代人的付出和努力。我们从中可得出一些启示和体会。
China-India relations today is hard-won thanks to the hard work and unremitting efforts of generations. Here are some enlightenment and experience that we can draw from it.
第一，坚持领导人战略引领。70年来，中印领导人始终从战略和全局高度把握中印关系大方向。无论是中印携手投身亚非拉民族解放运动，推动两国关系重回正轨，携手开创“亚洲世纪”，还是近年来领导人开展“家乡外交”和非正式会晤，达成一系列战略共识，两国领导人始终为中印关系把舵定向。他们的作用不可替代。
First, adhere to strategic guidance given by the leaders. Over the past 70 years, our two leaders have grasped the general direction of China-India relations from a strategic and overall perspective. They have always steered the course whenever we joined hands in the national liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America, or push bilateral relations back on track and jointly ushered in the “Asian century”; whenever the two leaders conducted “hometown diplomacy” and informal Summits in recent years and reached a series of strategic consensus. Their roles are irreplaceable.
第二，把握友好合作大势。两国友好交往有两千多年历史，友好合作占据绝大多数时间，是贯穿始终的“主旋律”。两国人民结下了深厚的友谊。当前中印携手抗击新冠肺炎疫情，这让我回想起当年柯棣华大夫救死扶伤，为中国人民解放事业作出的伟大牺牲，今年我们将举办活动纪念柯棣华大夫诞辰110周年。历史潮流滚滚向前，友好合作后浪推前浪。越来越多的有识之士特别是年轻一代，正加入到中印友好的事业之中，将柯棣华大夫的崇高精神传承下去。
Second, stay on the general trend of friendly cooperation. China and India have a history of friendly exchanges for more than two thousand years. The friendly cooperation, which has dominated most of the time, is the prevailing theme, through which the two peoples have forged a profound friendship. Our joint efforts in combating COVID-19 epidemic today reminds me of the great sacrifice made by Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis, a member of the Indian medical team to China who saved lives in the battlefield for the cause of Chinese liberation. We will hold an event to commemorate the 110th birth anniversary of Dr. Kotnis later this year. As the tides of history roll forward, the waves of friendship and cooperation are running ahead. More people particularly the young generation are joining the cause of China-India friendship and passing on the noble spirit of Dr. Kotnis.
第三，拓展互利合作动力。中印国情相近，都处在发展经济、深化改革、推进现代化进程的关键阶段。双方经济互补性强，开展互利合作为两国发展注入强大动力。中印双边贸易额从建交之初的不足1亿美元，增长到如今的近1000亿美元。中国连续多年成为印最大贸易伙伴。双方在医药、信息技术、互联互通、环境保护、扶贫减贫、治国理政经验交流等领域合作潜力巨大。
Third, add impetus to mutually beneficial cooperation. China and India share similar national conditions. Both countries are at the critical stage of economic development, deepening reforms and advancing modernization. Our two economies are highly complimentary and mutually beneficial cooperation injects impetus into the development of China and India. The bilateral trade volume has grown from less than 100 million US dollars in 1950s to nearly 100 billion US dollars today. China has been India’s largest trading partner for consecutive years. There’s great potential for bilateral cooperation in medicine, information, technology, connectivity, environment protection, poverty reduction and governance experience sharing etc.
第四，增强国际地区事务协调。中印同为金砖、上合组织、二十国集团、世界贸易组织、中俄印等多边组织和机制的重要成员，有责任、有义务保障发展中国家正当权益，为新兴经济体发声，推动国际秩序朝更加公正、公平、合理的方向发展，以适应快速变化的国际形势和世界格局变迁。中印在气候变化、能源粮食安全、公共卫生等非传统安全领域立场相近，在推进海上对话、区域互联互通、“中印+”合作等方面存在共同利益，都在努力抓住5G、大数据、人工智能等第四次工业革命发展机遇。这些都为双边关系发展注入了新的动力。
Fourth, strengthen coordination in international and regional affairs. China and India are important members of multilateral organizations and mechanisms such as the BRICS, SCO, G20, WTO, China-Russia-India. We shoulder the responsibility and obligation to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries, speak up for emerging economies, and forge a more fair, equitable and rational international order to adapt to the rapid changes of the world landscape. China and India share similar positions on non-traditional security issues such as climate change, energy and food security and public health. Both countries also share common interests in advancing maritime dialogue, regional connectivity, and “China-India Plus” cooperation. We are both seizing the development opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution including 5G, big data and artificial intelligence. All these coordination and cooperation empower the bilateral relations to continue to grow.
第五，妥善管控分歧。中印关系中存在边界、涉藏等历史遗留问题，国际地区形势变化对中印关系带来复杂影响。双方通过对话协商，建立管控机制，寻求建设性解决之道。双方建立边界问题特代会晤等机制，达成政治指导原则，中印边境地区几十年来未发一枪一弹。中印共同利益远大于分歧。双方通过扩大合作面、抑制消极面，跳出起伏怪圈，主动塑造双边关系。
Fifth, handle the differences properly. There are issues related to boundary and Xizang (Tibet) left by history between the two countries. The evolving international and regional situation has complicated impacts on China-India relations. The two sides have established mechanisms to manage differences and seek a constructive solution through dialogue and consultation. One of mechanisms is the Special Representatives’ Meeting on the China-India Boundary Question through which the political parameters and guiding principles for a boundary settlement were agreed upon. For decades, not a single bullet has been fired across China-India border. Our common interests far outweigh our differences. The two sides should expand cooperation and curb negative factors to break the circle of ups and downs in China-Indian relations, and proactively shape bilateral relations.
中印互为重要邻国，相互尊重各自发展道路，实现自身发展，本身就是对世界繁荣稳定的贡献。在当前国际形势下，中印在维护全球稳定和推动发展方面肩负着越来越重要的责任。中印关系已远超双边范畴，具有全球战略意义。中印要坚持互为发展机遇、互不构成威胁的基本判断，视彼此为世界力量对比变化中的积极因素，以及自身实现发展梦想的合作伙伴。中印都奉行独立自主的外交政策，要本着积极、开放、包容的心态，正确分析和看待彼此的战略意图，摈弃零和博弈，不针对第三方，不妨碍同其他国家发展关系，以和平共处五项原则为指导，推动建立新型国际关系。
China and India are important neighbors to each other. To respect each others’ development paths and achieve our own development is in itself a contribution to world prosperity and stability. At backdrop of current international situation, China and India shoulder increasingly important responsibilities in maintaining global stability and promoting common development. China-India relations have gone far beyond the bilateral scope and are of global strategic significance. Both sides should adhere to the basic judgment that China and India pose no threat but offer development opportunity to each other. We should regard each other as a positive factor in the global change and take each other as partners for realizing the dream of development. Both China and India stand for an independent foreign policy. We should correctly analyze and view each other’s strategic intentions with a positive, open and inclusive attitude. We should reject zero-sum games, not target any third party, and not impede the development of relations with other countries. We should continue to push for a new type of international relations guided by the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
当前，中印关系站在新起点，迎来新机遇。中印崛起将对世界产生深远影响。我们应从两国数千年的文明积淀中寻找智慧，按照“增进互信，聚焦合作，管控分歧，共谋发展”的方向，探索出一条相邻新兴大国的相处之道。
The China-India relations stand at a new starting point now and usher in new opportunities. The rise of China and India will have a far-reaching impact on the world. We should seek wisdom from thousands of years of our two civilization to explore a way for major emerging and neighboring countries to get along with each other in the direction of “enhancing mutual trust, focusing on cooperation, managing differences and seeking common development”.
增进互信是基础。双方需要相互尊重、平等协商、开诚布公、增进互信，才能正确看待彼此发展意图，巩固和深化中印互为机遇而非威胁、互为伙伴而不是对手的基本判断。
Enhancing mutual trust is the foundation. Only through mutual respect, consultation on an equal footing, openness and mutual trust, can the two sides correctly view each other’s development intentions, subsequently consolidate and deepen the basic judgement that China and India are partners rather than rivals, representing opportunities rather than threats to each other.
聚焦合作是路径。双方要积极寻求利益汇合点，抓住一切合作机遇，通过做大合作蛋糕实现互利共赢，为双边关系发展不断累积正能量。
Focusing on cooperation is the approach. The two sides should actively seek convergence of interests, seize all opportunities for cooperation, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results by making the pie of cooperation even bigger. By doing so, we can continue to accumulate positive energy for the development of bilateral relations.
管控分歧是保障。双方要始终从两国关系发展的大局出发，将分歧放在适当位置上加以妥善处理，压缩负面清单，不能任由分歧干扰双边关系，更不能让分歧上升为争端。
Managing differences is the assurance. The two sides should always bear in mind the overall picture of bilateral relations, put differences in appropriate places and deal with them properly. The two sides should cut the negative list and not allow differences to interfere with bilateral relations and even become disputes.
共谋发展是方向。中国希望自己发展得好，也希望印度发展得好。中印共谋发展，有利于地区和世界的繁荣稳定。在实现经济发展、人民幸福、民族振兴的马拉松长跑中，中印应该同其他发展中国家一道冲线、成为赢家，这是构建人类命运共同体的应有之义。
Seeking common development is the direction. China hopes itself will develop well and wishes India the same. Seeking common development is conducive to stability and prosperity of the region and the world at large. China and India should join hands with other developing countries in winning the marathon of achieving economic development, people’s happiness and national rejuvenation, which is an integral component of building a community with a shared future for mankind.
实现中印两个相邻新兴大国的相处之道，我们还要掌握“引领、传导、塑造、交融”这四把钥匙。以两国领导人会晤为主线，为两国关系发展达成共识，指引方向；将两国领导人共识传递至各个层级，扎实落地，将共识转化为切切实实的合作成果；超越分歧管控模式，主动塑造双边关系，不断积累正能量；加强交流合作，促进利益融合，实现共同发展。
There are four keys we should hold to figure out how major emerging and neighboring countries like China and India coexist with each other, namely “leading, transmitting, shaping and integrating”. To guide the direction of bilateral relations through highlighting the informal summits and reaching consensus. To translate the consensus into tangible cooperation and outcomes through transmission of the leaders’ consensus to all levels. To shape bilateral relations and accumulate positive momentum through going beyond the mode of managing differences. To achieve common development through strengthening exchanges and cooperation, promoting convergence of interests.
科温德总统、莫迪总理都曾谈到“天下一家”理念，这与中国“天下大同”的哲理十分相近，古老的东方智慧在今天仍焕发出勃勃生机。我相信，中印有足够的远见和能力，走出一条相邻新兴大国友好相处之道，携手实现龙象共舞，在下一个70年再创辉煌，共同谱写构建人类命运共同体的新篇章！
Both President Ram Nath Kovind and Prime Minister Narendra Modi mentioned the dictum “the whole world is but a family”, which is similar to the Chinese philosophy of “universal harmony in the world”. The ancient oriental wisdom is still showing vitality today. I am confident that China and India have the vision and capacity to blaze a path for major emerging neighbors to friendly get along with each other. Let’s take a “dragon-elephant tango” on a glorious journey in the next 70 years, and write a new chapter in building a community with a shared future for mankind.