中国开启发展新征程世界迎来共赢新机遇
China Embarking on a New Journey of Development Brings New Win-win Opportunities for the World
驻北马其顿大使张佐
Chinese Ambassador to North Macedonia
2020年12月10日
10 December, 2020
2020年10月召开的中国共产党第十九届五中全会，审议通过关于国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议，提出全面建成小康社会奋斗目标将如期实现，明年中国将开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。这次重要会议可从四个“新”角度理解，即新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局和新发展机遇，不仅直接关系中国的未来，而且将深远影响世界的发展。
In October 2020, the fifth plenary session of the 19th Communist Party of China Central Committee adopted the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, and considered the goal of building a well-off society will be realized as scheduled, from next year China will embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. This important session can be understood from four “New” perspectives, namely, new development stages, new development concepts, new development paradigms, and new development opportunities. Not only are they directly related to China’s future, but will also have a profound impact on the world’s development.
第一，新发展阶段，必将推动构建人类命运共同体。2020年中国沉着应对各种风险挑战，新冠肺炎疫情防控取得重大战略成果，经济社会恢复走在全球前列，预计今年国内生产总值将突破100万亿元人民币，已建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，基本医疗保险覆盖超过13亿人，基本养老保险覆盖近10亿人，现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫，中国的经济实力、科技实力、综合国力都跃上新的大台阶。全面建成小康社会的第一个百年奋斗目标即将实现，全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程即将开启，明年中国将朝着第二个百年奋斗目标迈步，通过十四五和2035年、2049年新中国成立100年这三个步骤，建成社会主义现代化强国。
First, the new development stage will surely promote the building of a community with shared future for mankind. In 2020, China has calmly responded to various risks and challenges. The prevention and control of the Covid-19 epidemic has achieved major results. Its economic and social recovery is at the forefront of the world. It is expected that China’s GDP will exceed 100 trillion Yuan this year. It has built the world’s largest social security system, with basic medical insurance covering over 1.3 billion people, and basic pension system covers nearly 1 billion people. All the poor people in rural areas have been lifted out of poverty under the current standards. China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and overall national strength have all jumped to a new level. The first centennial goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is about to be achieved, and a new journey of building a socialist modern country will begin. From next year, China will march towards the second centennial goal which is a great modern socialist country through 3 steps: the 14th Five-Year Plan to 2025, 2035 and all the way to 2049, the 100 anniversary of the founding of new China.
迈入新发展阶段，中共十九届五中全会对从2021年至2025年的十四五时期作出系统规划和战略部署，锚定到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化远景目标，届时人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，人民生活更加美好，人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。而中国现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化，坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上同各国友好合作，积极开展与世界各国交流互鉴，推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体，为世界贡献更多中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量，不断为人类作出新的更大的贡献。
Upon entering a new stage of development, the fifth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee has made a systematic and strategic plan for the 14th FYP period 2021-2025, and set the goal of essentially achieving socialist modernization by 2035, when GDP per capita reaches the level of moderately developed countries, people’s lives become better, the overall development of people, and the common prosperity of all people will make more tangible progress. China’s modernization is a modernization that takes the path of peaceful development. It will always adhere to friendly cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Fundamental Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, actively exchanges and mutual learning with countries, and promoting jointly building a new type of international relations and a community with shared future for mankind. For this, China will contribute more Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to the world and make new and greater contributions to mankind.
第二，新发展理念，必将开拓合作共赢新局面。中国将坚持以人民为中心，坚定不移贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，引领中国朝着高质量发展方向前行，不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要。新发展阶段的突出主题是高质量发展，就是能够很好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的发展，是体现新发展理念的发展，是创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展。中国必将聚焦服务经济高质量发展，深化科技创新，培育新增长源，推进国际合作，加强政策协调，维护公平合理的国际秩序和合作共赢的发展环境，不仅将为中国经济发展提供强大动力，也为世界经济发展释放巨大需求。
Second, the new development concept is bound to open up new prospects for win-win cooperation. China will adhere to the people-centered approach, and unswervingly implement the new development concepts of Innovation, Coordination, Green, Open, And Sharing, leading China towards high-quality development, and continuously meeting people’s growing needs for a better life. The outstanding theme of the new development stage is high-quality development, which reflects the new concepts, including Innovation becoming the first driving force, Coordination becoming an endogenous feature, and Green becoming universal pattern and Open becoming the only way, and Sharing becomes the fundamental purpose of development. China will focus on serving high-quality economic development, deepening technological innovation, cultivating new sources of growth, promoting international cooperation, strengthening policy coordination, maintaining a fairer and more equitable international order and a win-win development environment through cooperation, which will not only provide a strong impetus for China’s economic development, but also releases its huge demand for world economic development.
贯彻新发展理念，中国将实行高水平对外开放，促进国际合作，实现互利共赢。前不久第三届中国国际进口博览会取得意向成交726.2亿美元、同比增长2.1%，中国致力推动并同其他14方共同签署了《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》，“一带一路”倡议已成为全球最受关注的国际公共产品并步入高质量共建阶段。不管国际风云如何变幻，中国坚持对外开放的基本国策不会动摇，必将进一步发挥自由贸易试验区、自由贸易港的引领作用，推动建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，继续支持各国企业拓展中国商机。
In order to implement new development concepts, China will open up at a high level, promote international cooperation, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. The third China International Import Expo (CIIE), which concluded recently, saw 72.62 billion USD worth of deals reached for intended one-year import of goods and services, up 2.1% from the last expo. And China has signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with 14 countries. The “One Belt One Road” initiative has become an international public goods that have received most attention. Now it has entered the stage of high-quality joint construction. No matter how the international situation changes, China’s fundamental national policy of opening up will be here to stay. It will give full play to the leading role of free trade pilot zones and free trade ports, so as to promote an open economic system at higher-level, and to support business from all countries in exploring opportunities in China.
第三，新发展格局，必将担当开放包容推动者。构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。当前经济全球化遭遇逆流，世界经济低迷、全球市场萎缩，而自2008年国际金融危机以来，中国经济就已经在向以国内大循环为主体转变。随着中国向高收入国家行列迈进，规模巨大的国内市场不断扩张，顺势而为调整经济发展路径，构建新发展格局和扩大内需，可以释放巨大而持久的动能。新发展格局的战略基点是扩大内需，畅通国民经济循环，但不是要走向封闭的国内循环，而是开放的国内国际双循环，是两个循环相互促进、相得益彰，促进国内国际两个市场更好地联通。
Third, the new development paradigm will act as an open and inclusive promoter. We will build a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. At present, economic globalization is experiencing a backlash, the world economy is in the doldrums, and the global market is shrinking. Since the 2008 international financial crisis, China’s economy has been transforming towards the new paradigm. As China advances into the ranks of high-income countries and its huge domestic market continues to expand, tremendous and lasting momentum can be unleashed, by adjusting the path of economic development to build a new development paradigm and expand domestic demand. The strategic base of the new development paradigm is to expand domestic demand and smooth the national economic circulation. It is not to move towards a closed domestic circulation, but to open up the domestic and international circulations mutually reinforcing and complementing each other, and promote better connectivity between the domestic and international markets.
构建新发展格局，正如习近平主席在第75届联合国大会一般性辩论上发表讲话指出，“我们不追求一枝独秀，不搞你输我赢，不会关起门来封闭运行，将逐步形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，为中国经济发展开辟空间，为世界经济复苏和增长添动力。”中国必将坚定推进开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的经济全球化，创造全人类共同发展的良好条件，共同消除许多国家民众依然面临的贫穷匮乏，共同为全球的孩子们营造衣食无忧的生活，让发展成果惠及世界各国，让人人享有富足安康。
As President Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, “We do not seek to develop only ourselves or engage in a zero-sum game. We will not pursue development behind closed doors. Rather, we aim to foster, over time, a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. This will create more space for China’s economic development and add impetus to global economic recovery and growth.” China will firmly promote economic globalization that is open, inclusive, universally beneficial, balanced and win-win, create favorable conditions for the common development of all mankind, jointly eliminate poverty and deprivation still faced by people in many countries, and jointly create a life without worrying about food and clothing for children around the world, so that the fruits of development will benefit all countries in the world and everyone will enjoy prosperity and well-being.
第四，新发展机遇，必将联结遍布全球朋友圈。中国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期，但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化，一方面世界进入变革动荡期，新冠肺炎疫情挑战全球治理，单边主义严重冲击国际机制，冷战思维和强权政治阴魂不散，另一方面和平与发展仍然是时代主题，多边主义仍是国际关系主流，中国将更好统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，准确识变、科学应变、主动求变，善于在危机中育先机，于变局中开新局，继续谱写经济快速发展和社会长期稳定，这两大奇迹的新篇章。
Fourth, new development opportunities will surely link up a global circle of friends. China’s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunity, but opportunities and challenges have undergone new developments. On the one hand, the world has entered a period of change and turmoil, during which the Covid-19 epidemic has challenged global governance, unilateralism has severely impacted international mechanisms, and the cold war mentality and power politics still linger on. On the other hand, peace and development remain the underlying trend of the times, multilateralism is still the mainstream of international relations. China will better coordinate the overall strategic situation of the great national rejuvenation and the unprecedented changes in the world, accurately identifying changes, adapting to changes scientifically, taking the initiative to seek changes, being adept at raising opportunities in crises, and opening new horizons in changes. China will continue to write a new chapter on the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.
抓住新的机遇，应对新的挑战，创造新发展奇迹，统筹发展和安全，中国将坚持互尊互信，积极发展全球伙伴关系，协调推进同不同国家关系，扩大同各方利益交汇点。中国好了，世界会更好，中国有14亿人口，人均国内生产总值已超过1万美元，中等收入群体超过4亿，预计未来10年累计商品进口额有望超过22万亿美元，这将持续增强中国发展动力和活力，为世界各国共享中国高质量发展成果带来更多机遇。因此，中国必将高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，坚定不移维护国家主权安全发展利益，坚定不移维护世界和平促进共同发展。
By seizing new opportunities, responding to new challenges, creating new miracles of development, and integrating development and security, China will adhere to mutual respect and trust, actively develop global partnership, coordinate and promote its relations with different countries, and expand the points of convergence of interests with various parties. Once China is better, the world will be better. With a population of 1.4 billion, a per capita GDP of more than US$10,000, a middle-income group of more than 400 million, and an expected total import volume of more than US$22 trillion in the coming decade, China’s development momentum and vitality will continue to grow, bringing more opportunities for all countries in the world to share the fruits of China’s high-quality development. Therefore, China will hold high the banner of peace, development and win-win cooperation, stay as committed as ever to safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, maintaining world peace and promoting common development.
当前新冠病毒仍在全球肆虐，世界经济濒临衰退，根据经济合作与发展组织等多家机构最新预测，中国仍将是今年唯一实现正增长的主要经济体，到明年年底世界经济有望恢复到新冠疫情暴发前的水平，预计中国对2021年世界经济增长的贡献将超过1/3 。中方愿与世界各国深化合作，携手共进，为抗击疫情和经济复苏作出更大贡献。中北马虽然国情体制各异，但在两国领导人战略引领下，双方互信不断巩固，务实合作持续推进，携手开展国际抗疫，为两国友好关系发展开辟新前景。让我们继续携手，深化共建“一带一路”以及中国—中东欧国家合作，共创中北马关系更加美好的明天。
At present, the coronavirus is still raging around the world and the world economy is on the verge of recession. According to the latest forecasts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and other organizations, China will remain the only major economy to achieve positive growth this year, and the world economy is expected to return to the level before the outbreak of Covid-19 epidemic by the end of next year, with China’s contribution to world economic growth in 2021 expected to exceed one-third. China is willing to deepen cooperation with all countries in the world and work together to make greater contributions to the fight against the epidemic and to economic recovery. Although China and North Macedonia have different national conditions and systems, under the strategic leadership of the leaders of both countries, mutual trust between the two sides has been strengthened, practical cooperation has been promoted, and international efforts to combat the epidemic have been made, opening up new prospects for the development of friendly relations between the two countries. Let us continue to work together to deepen the “One Belt, One Road” and China-CEEC cooperation, and create a better future for China-North Macedonia relations.