Affix(-ation, -ing)

词缀（添加词缀）

The collective term for the types of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or stem), i.e. affixes are a type of ‘bound’ morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three types, depending on their position with reference to the root or stem of the word: those which are added to the beginning of a root/stem (prefixes), e.g. unhappy; those which follow (suffixes), e.g. happiness; and those which occur within a root/stem (infixes). Less common terms include circumfix or ambifix, for a combination of prefix and suffix (as in en-light-en).

只能用来附加于另一个语素（词根或词干）的各类构形成分的统称，也就是说，词缀是一类“粘附”语素。一种语言词缀的数目有限，根据它们与词根或词干的相对位置一般分为三类：附加于词根/词干开头处的前缀，例如unhappy“不高兴”；附加于词根/词干之后的后缀，如happiness“幸福”；附加于词根/词干内部的中缀。不太常用的术语有“外接缀”或“双缀”，指前缀和后缀的组合（例如en-light-en“启发”）。