Procedure

程序

A term used in linguistics referring to a particular way of arriving at a linguistic analysis or decision. Different views about the goals of a linguistic theory can be clarified by phrasing the question in terms of procedures, of which three types have attracted particular interest, since their first formulation by Noam Chomsky (see Chomskyan):

(a) discovery procedure: a technique which can be automatically or ‘mechanically’ applied to a sample of language and which would produce a correct analysis.

(b) decision procedure: a technique which could be automatically applied to a series of grammars of a language, to decide which was the best grammar.

(c) evaluation procedure: a technique which provides criteria for choosing the better of two analyses of a set of data, as when it is argued that one analysis is simpler, more plausible or more elegant than another.

语言学用来指借以得出一种语言学分析或结论的特定方式。对语言学理论的目标所持的不同观点可通过程序提问的方式得以澄清；自乔姆斯基最初的阐述以来，有三类程序特别受到关注：

（a）发现程序：一种可自动或“机械”应用于一个语言样品并得出正确分析的技术。

（b）决定程序：一种可自动应用于某种语言的一系列语法并决定哪一种语法最好的技术。

（c）评价程序：要在某一数据集的两种分析中选择其中较好的一种，这种程序能提供一些选择标准，如评定一种分析比另一种较简单、较合理或较精致。