Velarization

软腭化

Velarization is a general term referring to any secondary articulation involving a movement of the back part of the tongue towards the velum. For a sound to be velarized, of course, its primary place of articulation must be elsewhere in the mouth, e.g. a [z] sound, normally made in alveolar position, is said to be velarized if during its articulation the back of the tongue is raised towards of the soft palate; this would give the sound a distinctive back (or ‘dark’) resonance. The velarization may be an essential feature of the sound’s identity, contrasting with other non-velarized sounds. A loose auditory label for velar resonance sounds is ‘dark’, opposed to ‘clear’, used for palatal-resonance sounds.

泛指任何一种舌后部分移向软腭的次发音动作。当然，一个音要“软腭化”，其主要发音部位必定在口腔其他部位；例如[z]音，一般在齿龈位置发出，但如在发音时舌后部分朝软腭处上抬，就说它已软腭化；结果是这个音带上独特的后（或“糊涂”）共鸣音。软腭化可以是区别语音的一个基本特征，软腭化音与非软腭化音对立。凭听觉给软腭共鸣音起的不严格的名称是“糊涂音”，与指硬腭共鸣音的“清晰音”对立。