双语资料:刘晓明大使在习近平外交思想主题座谈会上的主旨演讲
发布时间:2019年06月25日
发布人:nanyuzi  

领悟东方智慧,读懂中国未来

Learn the Oriental Wisdom and Understand the Future of China

 

刘晓明大使在习近平外交思想主题座谈会上的主旨演讲

Keynote Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the Symposium on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy

 

2019年4月9日,中国驻英国大使馆

Chinese Embassy in the UK, 9 April 2019


尊敬的英国四十八家集团俱乐部主席佩里先生,

尊敬的英国社会学会荣誉副会长马丁·阿尔布劳教授,

尊敬的马丁·雅克博士,

尊敬的英国中国商会会长方文建先生,

尊敬的各位议员,

各位嘉宾,

女士们、先生们:

Chairman Stephen Perry,

Professor Martine Albrow,

Dr. Martin Jacques,

Chairman Fang Wenjian,

My Lords,

Distinguished Guests,

Ladies and Gentlemen:


欢迎大家出席习近平外交思想主题座谈会。

Welcome to the Symposium on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.


今年是我从事外交工作第46个年头,也是我出任中国驻英国大使第10个年头。不少英国朋友问我,出使英国多年,印象最深刻的事情是什么?我的回答是,习近平主席2015年对英国的成功国事访问。这是我作为驻外大使第一次接待中国国家元首到访,至今难忘。这次历史性的访问不仅开启了中英关系“黄金时代”,也为两国关系在21世纪第二个十年的发展指明了方向。

This is the 46th year of my career as a diplomat, and the 10th year as Chinese Ambassador to the UK. Many British friends asked me, “What has impressed you most during your time in the UK?” My answer is: the successful state visit by President Xi Jinping to the UK in 2015. It was memorable not just because it was the first time for me to receive a head of state from China as Ambassador. More importantly, this historic visit ushered in the China-UK “Golden Era”. It also charted the course for China-UK relations in the second decade of the 21st century.


习主席在伦敦金融城市长晚宴上发表演讲时指出,“中国人民走的是历史选择的道路、要的是更加美好的生活、想的是和平与发展的世界”;“中国将同各国一道,逢山开路、遇河架桥”;“世界上的路,只有走的人多了,才会越来越宽广”。这些论述高屋建瓴、掷地有声,既蕴含着兼济天下、包容互鉴的东方智慧,也体现了一位大国领导人的远见卓识和责任担当。

At the banquet held by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, President Xi Jinping said, “The path that the Chinese people follow has been a choice of history. What the Chinese people want is a better life. What the Chinese people long for is a world of peace and development.” He also said that “China will stand firm with all other countries to meet whatever challenges that may lie ahead”, and that “roads will only become broader when more people travel on them”. These powerful words reflect a strategic thinking. They embody the oriental wisdom that values the common good, inclusiveness and mutual learning. They also demonstrate President Xi Jinping’s vision, courage and responsibilities as a leader of a big country.


作为驻英国大使,我的使命就是增进中英之间的了解、互信与合作,让英国和世界了解一个真正的中国。近年来,英国媒体对华报道呈指数级增长,每天翻开报纸都有不少关于中国的新闻。但坦率地讲,报道质量良莠不齐,看法观点也是消极多于积极,有人认为中国发展是机遇,有人认为是挑战,还有人认为是威胁。那么一个富起来、强起来的中国究竟将向何处去?将对世界产生什么样的影响?对于这些问题,习近平外交思想给出了最好的答案。因此,要了解今天的中国,要理解今天的中国外交,就要读懂习近平外交思想。今天,我愿通过回答三个问题谈谈我的几点思考和体会。

As the Chinese Ambassador to the UK, I regard it as my mission to enhance mutual understanding, mutual trust and cooperation between China and the UK, and to tell the story of the real China to the people of the UK and of the world. In recent years, the increase of media reports on China has been exponential. But to be frank, these reports are not all of good quality. There are more negative voices than positive ones. China’s development is regarded as an opportunity by some but a challenge or even a threat by others. So, how will a richer and stronger China behave? How will it influence the world? To these questions, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy has provided the best answer. To understand today’s China and China’s diplomacy, one must study and try to understand Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. Now I would like to share with you my views by answering three questions.


第一,习近平外交思想核心要义是什么?

First, what is at the core of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy?


去年6月,我回北京参加中央外事工作会议,会上确立了习近平外交思想的指导地位,成为新时代中国对外工作的根本遵循和行动指南,是中国外交理论建设的一次创新、一次突破和一次飞跃。我想从三个角度谈谈我对习近平外交思想的理解。

Last June, I attended the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs in Beijing, where Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy was established as the guiding thought that provides basic principles and guidelines for China foreign policy. It is an innovation, a breakthrough and a leap forward in the evolution of the thought on China’s diplomacy. Now I would like to share with you my understanding on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy from three perspectives.


一是对中国文化和外交传统的继承与创新。对和平、和睦、和谐的追求深深植根于中华民族的血脉之中,“以和为贵”、“天下太平”的理念世代相传。中国一向信守“计利当计天下利”的共赢准则,倡导“和而不同”、“兼收并蓄”、“己所不欲勿施于人”的包容理念,主张“协和万邦,和衷共济,四海一家”的大同思想。中国外交一直秉持并传承着传统哲学中这些“中国智慧”。

First, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy inherits and develops China’s cultural and diplomatic tradition. The pursuit for peace, good neighborliness and harmony has been running in the blood of the Chinese nation. For generations, We have prized and pursued “peace for all under heaven”; We have believed in win-win as embedded in the ancient teaching that “the interests to be considered should be the interests of all”; We have upheld the ideals of harmony and inclusion rooted in the words of ancient philosophers, such as “there should be harmony without uniformity” and “do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you”; And because of our belief that “all under the sun belong to one big family”, we are convinced that countries should always come to each other’s assistance and work towards the same direction. These are the traditional Chinese wisdom behind China’s diplomacy.


今年是新中国成立70年。70年来,我们形成了以独立自主、和平发展、合作共赢为鲜明特色的外交传统和中国风范。几十年前,中国在自身经济十分困难的情况下,依然“勒紧裤腰带”帮助发展中国家推进民族独立事业和经济发展。1976年我常驻赞比亚期间,亲历了坦赞铁路的交接仪式,60多名中方人员为了这条铁路长眠在非洲的大地上。这条铁路承载的重义轻利、平等相待、合作共赢的精神,一直流淌在新中国外交政策的脉络中。改革开放后,我们做出了和平与发展仍是时代主题的战略判断。中共十八大以来,中国外交既弘扬优良传统,又展现出与时俱进、奋发有为、开拓进取的崭新风貌,根据不断变化的世情、国情,提出了一系列富有中国特色、体现时代精神、引领人类发展进步潮流的新理念新主张新倡议。

This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In the past 70 years, we have formed the diplomatic tradition with unique Chinese features, namely, independence, peaceful development and win-win cooperation. Several decades ago when China itself was struggling to make ends meet, we shared what little we had with other developing countries striving for independence and economic growth. In 1976, I was a junior diplomat in Zambia, where I had the honour to attend the handover ceremony of Tazara, a railway linking Tanzania and Zambia. More than 60 Chinese workers died in the process of building Tazara and were laid to rest on the African continent. Tazara highlights the value of putting righteousness above material gains. It embodies the spirit of equality and win-win cooperation. These ideas have always been deeply embedded in China’s foreign policy. Following the adoption of the policies of reform and opening up, China came to the strategic conclusion that peace and development were the theme of the times. This fundamental judgment continued to be the bedrock of China’s diplomacy up to and after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. At the same time, China’s diplomacy has also kept abreast with the changing times and made new progress in line with the evolving landscape abroad and reality at home. We have put forward a number of new ideals, proposals and initiatives that are imbued with Chinese characteristics, embody the spirit of our times and provide guidance to the progress of mankind.


二是对外交理论和实践的凝练与总结。习近平外交思想以“十个坚持”为总体框架和核心要义,这“十个坚持”并不是凭空想象的,而是对中国几十年外交理论和实践的“浓缩”、“萃取”和“升华”,形成了中国特色大国外交的理论与实践基础。在“十个坚持”中,我要着重强调三点:一是坚持以维护世界和平、促进共同发展为宗旨推动构建人类命运共同体,这是新时代中国外交追求的崇高目标,已被写入中国宪法和中国共产党党章,也被写入联合国等重要国际和地区组织的文件。二是坚持以共商共建共享为原则推动“一带一路”建设,这是中国今后相当长时期对外开放和对外合作的管总规划。“一带一路”倡议提出6年多来,不仅是新时代中国扩大开放的重大举措,也是当今世界最受欢迎的公共产品和最大规模的合作平台。三是坚持以相互尊重、合作共赢为基础走和平发展道路,这是中国外交必须长期坚持的基本原则,为中国和世界开辟一条共同发展的康庄大道,走出一条国与国交往的新路。

Second, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy encapsulates the concepts and practice of China’s diplomacy. At the centre of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy are ten key concepts known as ten “persistent efforts”. These concepts are the essence of China’s diplomacy that are extracted and distilled from China’s long-held principles and decades of practice. Together they constitute the foundation of the idea and practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Out of the ten concepts, I would like to stress three. First, making persistent effort to build a community with a shared future for mankind, with the aim of safeguarding world peace and promoting common development. This lofty goal of China’s diplomacy in the new era has been written into the Constitution of China and the Constitution of the Communist Party of China. It is also endorsed in the documents of important regional and international organization including the UN. Second, making persistent effort to advance the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in line with the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration. BRI is the overarching design for China’s opening up and international cooperation and will remain so for a considerable period of time to come. This is an important measure to open up China’s market wider to the world in the new era. More than six years after it was proposed, BRI is becoming the most popular public goods and largest platform for international cooperation. Third, making persistent effort to follow a path of peaceful development based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation. This is a basic principle that must be upheld in China’s diplomatic initiatives on a long-term basis. Peaceful development is a path to common development. It is leading to a new type of state-to-state relations.


三是对世界发展和中国角色的判断与定位。习近平主席指出,当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战和长达近半个世纪的冷战。进入21世纪,世界多极化加速推进,新兴国家群体性崛起,国际格局深刻调整。与此同时,世界经济增长乏力,金融危机阴云不散,单边主义日益抬头,保护主义甚嚣尘上。在这样的形势下,中国如何看待自己和世界?习近平外交思想给出了最好的答案,那就是服务民族复兴、促进人类进步,用正确的历史观、大局观、角色观看中国、看世界。改革开放以来,中国通过自己的努力不仅让13亿多人民过上好日子,而且为维护世界和平与繁荣、促进各国人民共同利益与福祉做出了重要贡献。无论中国发展到什么程度,都始终是世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。

Third, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy provides an assessment and definition on the development of the world and the role of China. President Xi Jinping pointed out that the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a hundred years: Last century, mankind experienced two World Wars and a Cold War that lasted for nearly half a century. The 21st century is witnessing accelerated multi-polarisation, the rise of emerging countries and profound adjustments in the international landscape. At the same time, the world economic growth remains sluggish, the financial crisis is taking its toll and unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise. Under such circumstances, how does China see itself and the world? Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy provides the best answer: We should strive for national revitalization; We should promote the progress of mankind; We should adopt a historical perspective, see the big picture and play our role. China’s hard work over the past decades has not only brought about a better life for its more than 1.3 billion people. It is also an important contribution to peace and prosperity in the world and the common interests and benefits of people of all countries. No matter what development stage China reaches, it will continue to be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of international order.


第二,习近平外交思想对世界意味着什么?

Now we come to the second question: what does Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy mean to the world?


2018年是中国改革开放40周年。40年来,中国国内生产总值增长了33.5倍,进出口总额增长了782倍。改革开放不仅深刻改变了中国的面貌,也使中国与世界的关系发生了历史性变化。正如习近平主席指出的:“世界好,中国才能好;中国好,世界才更好”。在这样的背景下,习近平外交思想赋予了“中国梦”世界意义,体现了融通中外、天下大同的世界情怀。

The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. In the past 40 years, China’s GDP increased by 33.5 times, and its total export and import increased by 782 times. Reform and opening up have not only transformed China profoundly but also brought about historic changes to the relations between China and the world. As President Xi Jinping pointed out, “China will do well only when the world does well, and vice versa.” Born against this backdrop, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy gives a global significance to the Chinese Dream. It emphasizes ever close ties between China and the world. It advocates the ideal of “one world, one family”.


一是为人类进步描画新愿景。习近平外交思想本着“以天下为己任”的情怀,提出构建人类命运共同体倡议。面对“建设一个什么样的世界、怎样建设这个世界”的时代之问,国际社会要风雨同舟,不能各自为营;要患难与共,不能以邻为壑;要合作共赢,不能零和博弈。人类命运共同体理念遵循历史大势,着眼人类共同未来,强调坚持多边主义,倡导国际公平正义,为人类发展进步开辟了一条康庄大道。

First, it draws a new blueprint for human progress. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is based upon the belief that “it is our duty to work for the common good of all people in the world”. That is the rationale behind the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind. What kind of a world do we want? What should we do to build a world that we desire? To these important questions of our times, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy gives the following answer: Instead of minding one’s own business and rocking the boat, the international community should come to each other’s aid and row together. Instead of taking a “beggar-thy-neighbour” approach, we should stand side by side in time of hardship. Instead of playing a zero-sum game, we should engage in win-win cooperation. Building a community with a shared future for mankind answers the call of the times, focuses on the shared future, upholds multilateralism and advocates international fairness and justice. This is a road to human progress.


二是为国际关系探索新思路。人类历史上发生过16次新兴大国崛起,其中12个都与守成大国爆发了战争。一些人认为中国也避不开几百年来其他大国兴衰起落的规律。习近平外交思想提出构建新型国际关系,彻底否定了“国强必霸”、“修昔底德陷阱”的旧逻辑,走出了与传统大国不同的发展道路。中国从来没有对外扩张的基因,从来不接受弱肉强食、赢者通吃的丛林法则,而是主张建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系。

Second, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy explores a new thinking on international relations. In 12 of 16 cases in the past 500 years in which a rising power confronted the established power, the result was war. This has led some people to think that China would not be an exception. But China strives to avoid the beaten track and blaze a new trail. In history, China never sought expansion. Today, China does not accept the law of the jungle, namely the weak falls prey to the strong and the winner takes all. In order to bring to an end the old logic that “a strong country is bound to seek hegemony” and “an emerging big country and an established big country are bound to fall into the Thucydides Trap”, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy proposes to build a new type of international relations. This is the new trail. This new type of international relations features mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation.


三是为全球治理提供新指引。当今世界不稳定、不确定因素增多,人类面临诸多共同挑战。2017年,习近平主席在达沃斯的演讲唱响了支持全球化和多边主义的最强音,为世界经济把脉开方,为全球治理贡献中国方案,在全球范围内引起了强烈反响。我们认为,各国应求同存异、聚同化异,积极做行动派、不做观望者,要坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观,坚持全球事务由各国人民商量着办,努力把人类前途命运掌握在自己手中。

Third, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy provides a new guideline for global governance. With rising instabilities and uncertainties in the world, mankind is faced with increasing and common challenges, and in need of a joint response. This is exactly why President Xi Jinping’s speech at Davos back in the 2017 received enthusiastic response from all over the world. In that speech, President Xi analysed the problems in the world economy, endorsed globalization and multilateralism, and contributed China’s solution on global governance. The China believes that in global governance countries in the world should seek common ground while narrowing differences take actions rather than just standing by; and uphold the principle of shared growth through discussion and collaboration; Only in this way will mankind take the future of in his own hands.


第三,如何正确看待习近平外交思想?

Now let’s come to the third question: how to avoid misunderstanding of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy?


近些年来,世界特别是西方国家对中国的关注中,存在不少误解甚至误判,一些对习近平外交思想的认识也不够全面、不够准确。那么,我们应怎样正确看待习近平外交思想?我认为,把握好三点至关重要:

In recent years, there have been misunderstandings, even misjudgment, about China in some countries, especially Western countries. Some of the interpretations of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy are not comprehensive and lack accuracy. In understanding Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy comprehensively, I believe the following three points are crucial.


首先,是维护和改进国际秩序,而不是“替代”谁的制度。中国是联合国的创始成员国,是战后国际秩序的开创者、受益者和坚定维护者。迄今,我们参与了几乎所有重要政府间国际组织,签署了300多项国际公约。尽管现行国际体系并非百分之百完美,但总体上是行之有效的。中国不会“另起炉灶”,而是寻求推动改革和完善,使其向更加公正合理的方向发展,适应当前国际形势需要。

First, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is aimed at safeguarding and improving the international order rather than replacing the existing system. China is one of the founding members of the United Nations. It is a creator, beneficiary and firm defender of the international order established after the Second World War. As of today, China has taken part in almost all the major inter-governmental international organizations and signed more than 300 international conventions. The current international system may not be perfect, but on the whole it is effective. China stands for reform and improvement, not “reinventing the wheel”. We would like to see a more equitable and reasonable international system that meets the needs of the current international situation.


第二,是谋求共同发展,而不是“干涉”谁的事务。中国坚持“国不以利为利,以义为利”的大国义利观,始终本着互利共赢原则与其他国家开展务实合作。我们不搞所谓“债务陷阱”、不会通过经济合作介入他国政治事务。本月下旬,中国将举办第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛,迄今我们已与124个国家和29个国际组织签署了173份“一带一路”合作文件。我们从未“胁迫”任何人与我们合作,各国都是根据自身需要、独立自主地做出战略判断。

Second, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is aimed at common development, rather than interfering in the affairs of other countries. China believes that “a country should never sacrifice the greater good for material interests”. In our business cooperation with other countries, we follow the principle of win-win results. We do not interfere in other countries’ political affairs through economic cooperation or by creating the so-called “debt trap”. Later this month, China will host the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. As of today, China has signed 173 documents on BRI cooperation with 124 countries and 29 international organizations. We have never “forced” any country to cooperate with China. These documents were signed by the countries and organizations concerned based on their independent strategic judgment and in line with their own needs.


最后,是承担应有责任,而不是对谁“示强”。建国70年来,中国没有主动挑起过任何一场战争和冲突。我们坚定维护国家主权、安全、发展利益,也积极提供与自身实力相匹配的国际公共产品。中国是联合国维和行动第二大出资国和五常中派遣维和军事人员最多的国家,参与了当今几乎所有热点问题的解决进程,积极贡献中国智慧、中国方案。中国承担多少国际责任,既取决于国际社会的期待,也与自身实力、发展阶段相匹配。

Last but not least, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is aimed at shouldering responsibility rather than “flexing muscles”. In the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has never launched a single war or conflict. We have been firm in safeguarding our national sovereignty, security and development interests. At the same time, we have provided public goods to the international community to the best of our capabilities. China is the second largest contributor to the UN peacekeeping budget, and the largest contributor of peacekeeping personnel among the five permanent members. China has also taken part in the settlement of almost all the hot-spot issues in the world, and has actively contributed China’s wisdom and solutions. As for what international responsibilities that China should shoulder, it is a matter of both the expectation of the international community and the capability and development stage of China.


女士们、先生们,

Ladies and Gentlemen:


历史发展、文明繁盛、人类进步,从来离不开思想引领。英国是近代人类文明的思想库,历来主张开放包容、兼收并蓄,不仅是工业革命的摇篮,而且培育出莎士比亚、拜伦、雪莱、洛克、罗素、培根等享誉世界的文学家和思想家。各位嘉宾长期关注中国事务、研究涉华问题,都有许多独到的思考。希望我的介绍有助于大家深入理解习近平外交思想。

Thoughts have always played a crucial part in leading the development of history, the achievements of civilizations and the progress of mankind. In modern times, the UK is known for being a treasure house of thoughts. Its open and inclusive spirit has not only nurtured the Industrial Revolution but also fostered great writers and thinkers such as Shakespeare, Byron, Shelley, Locke, Russell and Bacon. You have all been following and studying China and China-related issues for a long time. I am sure you have your own understanding on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. I hope you will find my introduction helpful in facilitating a deeper understanding on this topic.


一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。习近平外交思想是中国外交政策的“指南针”,彰显了中国同世界同舟共济、携手并进、共创人类美好未来的真诚意愿,将引领中国与世界互动沿着正确的历史方向前行。希望各位嘉宾认真研究、正确解读,为促进中英民心相通、文明互鉴,为推动中国、英国及世界共同发展进步贡献智慧,为推动构建人类命运共同体贡献力量!

Just as a single flower does not make a spring, the progress of mankind depends on the efforts of all countries. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is the “compass” for China’s foreign policy. It demonstrates China’s sincerity to join hands with other countries to create a better future for mankind. It will ensure that China takes the right side of history and its interactions with the world heads in the right direction. I hope that your earnest study and objective interpretation of Xi Jinping Thought on China’s Diplomacy will help strengthen the bond between the Chinese and British people, and enhance mutual learning between our civilizations. I look forward to your wisdom on how to seek common progress for China, the UK and the world, and I count on your contribution to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind!


谢谢大家!

Thank you!