双语资料:驻格林纳达大使赵永琛就中美贸易摩擦向媒体阐述中方立场
发布时间:2019年11月21日
发布人:nanyuzi  

美国发起对华贸易战是不公平的

US Trade War Against China Is Unfair

 

驻格林纳达大使赵永琛就中美贸易摩擦向媒体阐述中方立场

Ambassador to Grenada Zhao Yongchen Introduces China’s Position to Media on China-US Trade Frictions

 

2019年6月7日

7 June 2019

 

自从2018年3月以来,美国政府挑起对华贸易争端,对中国出口商品加征高额关税。最近,美国决定对中国输美2000亿美元商品加征关税25%,将以华为公司为代表的60家关联公司中国通讯科技企业列入制裁名单,全面封杀华为公司,搞恶意竞争,制造中美经济科技合作和交流的障碍,引发举世哗然。美国把中国作为其越来越严重的经济社会不平等问题的替罪羊,对中国经济和高科技行业痛下杀手,蛮横无理,是极端不公平的。美国必须纠正其错误,才能让中美两个大国经济合作走上正轨,促进合作共赢。

Since March 2018, the US government has been provoking trade disputes with China, placing high tariffs on Chinese exports. Recently, 25% more tariff was imposed on China’s $200 million of exports to the United States, and 60 China’s communications technology companies and affiliated companies, represented by Huawei were put on the sanctions list. The US government is engaged in malicious competition by completely banning Huawei, creating obstacles to economic and scientific cooperation and exchange between the two countries. Hence world outrage incurred. China is made as a scapegoat by the United States, for US increasingly serious economic and social inequality. It is extremely unfair. The United States must correct its mistakes in order to get the economic cooperation between the two major powers back to the right track and promote win-win cooperation.

 

不公平之一:美国以中国对美贸易逆差过大而加征高额关税,完全背离市场经济法则。美国高举“美国优先”大旗,在与中国11轮谈判过程中不断抬高价码,要求中国满足美国提出的非分愿望。在中国拒绝其过分要求后,美国恼羞成怒,大吵大闹,满世界大造舆论,攻击中国违背承诺,并迅速出台加征高额关税的行政措施,企图一举压服中国。这种经济领域的霸凌做法和作风,是典型的贸易保护主义、单边主义在作怪,不仅违反世界贸易组织规则,更违反市场经济法则。

First: The United States imposed high tariffs claiming excuses of China’s trade deficit with the United States, a total deviation from the market economic rules. Trumpeting “America First”, the current US administration raises its bets in the course of 11 rounds of negotiations with China, demanding China to meet its willful wishes. Irritated by refusal from China, the US made a big noise in the world, attacking China backing off promises, and quickly introduced administrative measures to impose high tariffs in an attempt to suppress China. This kind of bullying practice and style in the economic field is typical protectionism and unilateralism, a violation not only to the rules of World Trade Organization, but also to common practice of market economy.

 

不公平之二:美国从中国进出口贸易中获得巨大利益,却不感恩中国,颇为不道德。长期以来,美国从中国大量进口质优价廉的商品,满足美国消费者的物质生活需要,极大提高美国人民的生活水平,中国也从中获得相应的劳动所得和报酬。最重要的一个事实是,中国还把贸易顺差产生的外汇用来大量购买美国国债,帮助美国维持超高的消费。这是双赢的结果。如果美国不购买中国商品,中国如何能获得如此高的贸易顺差?如果美国愿意把高附加值的商品卖给中国,美国对华贸易逆差就不会那么多。这是美国贸易经济结构不合理制度的产物。美国怪罪中国,毫无道理,应该怪罪的是美国跨国企业和美国不合理的贸易结构。美国应该通过改革美国的贸易经济结构,来解决自身的问题,而不应该将怒火烧向中国,更不应该转嫁危机给其他合作伙伴。

Second, the US has gained huge profits from China’s import and export. No gratitude shown is quite immoral. For a long time, a large number of high-quality and low-priced goods has been exported from China to meet the needs of US consumers. The living standards of the American people has been greatly improved, and China also obtained corresponding labor income and remuneration. The most important fact is that China uses the foreign exchange generated by trade surplus to purchase large amounts of US Treasury bonds to help the US maintain ultra-high consumption. This is a win-win result. If the US does not buy Chinese goods, how can China achieve such a high trade surplus? If the United States is willing to sell high value-added goods to China, its trade deficit with China will not be so much. This is the product of the irrational system of the US trade structure, on which blame should be placed, along with its multinational corporations. The United States should solve its own problems by reforming trade economic structure, rather than inflaming fire of anger to China, not to say passing crisis on to other partners.

 

不公平之三:美国对华进出口贸易数据的计算不客观,严重失真。美国商务部公布2018年对华货物贸易逆差为6210亿美元,但没有公布对华服务贸易顺差1500亿美元。美国还把香港台湾来源于大陆的货物转口到美国货物都计入中国出口总盘子中,而美国通过香港台湾转口中国的货物却不计算在内,按照这种有特殊导向的统计标准计算对华贸易额,必然造成数据失真。而美国政府和公众以失真的数据为理由,众口一词怪罪中国,是站不住脚的。

Third, the calculation of China-US import and export trade data is not objective and is seriously distorted. The US Department of Commerce announced that the trade deficit with China in 2018 was 621 billion U.S. dollars, but did not announce a trade surplus of 150 billion U.S. dollars in services. The United States also counted re-exported goods from Hong Kong and Taiwan originating from the mainland to the United State in the total profile of China’s exports, while The United States’ re-export to China through Hong Kong and Taiwan was not counted. This specially-oriented statistical standard on trade volume will inevitably lead to data distortion. The US government and the public’s blame on China on the grounds of distorted data holds no water.

 

不公平之四:美国对华实行高科技和尖端技术出口限制,搞歧视性的不公平贸易。美国长期以来不愿将附加值极高的商品卖给中国,自己给自己设限,减少了出口。这是美国对华贸易失衡的一个重要因素,也是具有歧视性的不平等贸易的表现。美国应该反思这些年来的政策失误,而不能拿中国说事,误导民众。这根本于事无补,不能从根本上解决美国遇到的难题。实际上,只要美国奉行合作共赢的信念,打破贸易壁垒和禁忌,平等地公平地与中国开展贸易、投资,经过友好协商,中美之间贸易不平衡问题都可以迎刃而解。这根本不是什么大问题。尽管美国看到病症之所在,但可惜开错药方了。如果药方过量,最终变成毒药,那将害人又害己。

Fourth, the United States imposes restrictions on high-tech and cutting-edge technology export to China, another discriminatory and unfair trade practice. The US has long been reluctant to sell goods with high added-value to China, setting limits on itself and reducing exports. This is a major source of the trade imbalance between the two countries. It is also a manifestation of discriminatory unequal trade. The United States should review its policy mistakes over the years rather than making useless effort to take China as excuse to mislead the people. In fact, as long as the United States pursues the belief of win-win cooperation, breaks trade barriers and restrictions, conducts trade and investment with China on an equal and fair basis, the trade imbalance can be solved through friendly consultations. This is not a big problem at all. Although fully aware of the cure for the disease, the United States, adopts a wrong prescription. Overdose will eventually become a poison, incurring harm to all parties.

 

不公平之五:美国对中国给世界消费所做贡献视而不见听而不闻,有失公正。美国从上个80年代以来不断去工业化,导致大批工厂外迁到其他国家,无法生产大量美国消费者生活所需的商品,而只能依靠进口外国商品来满足需要。2008年美国金融危机引发世界经济危机,就是美国经济泡沫化的结果。如今,美国实体经济萎缩,劳动和制造成本增大,整体经济滑落,这是美国自己的经济结构出现问题的结果。中国是世界第一工业国,是全球130多个国家最大的贸易伙伴,为世界提供了丰富的工业品,满足了包括美国在内的世界各国的物质需要。中国对美国消费的巨大贡献应该得到赞扬,而不是相反。

Fifth, it is unfair for the US to turn a blind eye to China’s contribution to world consumption. Since the 1980s, the US has been promoting deindustrialisation, resulting in a large number of factories moving outside the US. This has caused the US to lose the capacity to produce enough goods for people’s daily life and it has to rely on imported goods to meet the needs. The 2008 world economic crisis triggered by the US financial crisis was just a result of the US economic bubble. Nowadays, the US real economy is shrinking, labor and manufacturing costs are increasing and the overall economy is slipping. This is the result of problems in the US economic structure. China is the world’s largest manufacturing country and the largest trading partner of 130 plus countries around the world. It provides the world with a wealth of industrial products that meet the material needs of countries all over the world, including the US. Thus, China’s huge contribution to the US consumption should be commended.

 

不公平之六:中国对世界经济贡献大,是推动经济发展的驱动力。据国际货币基金组织和世界银行估算,近些年来中国每年对世界经济的贡献率都在30%左右,直接拉动中国贸易伙伴的经济发展,为其GDP增长贡献良多,有力地促进其经济繁荣。比如,澳大利亚依靠中国大量进口能源矿产,维持了长达20多年的矿业繁荣。美国对中国发动对华贸易战,阻碍、破环中国经济发展,不仅影响中国经济发展,造成中国经济放缓,更直接对世界经济发展和繁荣构成了危害。这是美国的罪过。

Sixth, as an important engine of the world economy, China contributes greatly to the world’s economic growth. In recent years, according to statistics from the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, China’s contribution to the world economy has been around 30% per year. It has directly stimulated the economic development of China’s trading partners and contributed a lot to their GDP growth, effectively promoting their economic prosperity. For instance, by exporting a large amount of energy minerals, Australia has maintained a mining boom of more than 20 years. The US-launched trade war not only hinders and disrupts China's economic development, but also directly harms the world’s economic development and prosperity. This is the fault of the US.

 

不公平之七:美国指责中国偷窃技术是恶意污蔑。这是对中国人民的极大侮辱。在科学技术高度发展的今天,世界各国相互学习科学技术,取长补短,通过借鉴、模仿、购买、兼并、投资技术,并消化、吸收、创造出新的技术。这是世界科学技术发展的基本规律,也是创新驱动经济发展的基本规律。美国上个世纪上半叶大量引进吸收世界各国高端科学技术人才,仿造英国德国等欧洲国家技术,获得巨大的技术和经济进步。难道英国德国也应该指责美国偷窃技术吗?如今中国科学技术高速发展,是遵循世界科技发展规律的结果。据多家国际专利机构统计,如今中国发明、创新专利申请高高踞世界前列,是科技创新大国,而且中国保护技术产权制度越来越健全。美国指责中国偷窃技术,根本站不住脚,实际上是恶意诽谤和中伤。

Seventh, that the US administration accuses China of stealing advanced technologies is a vicious slander. It is an insult to the Chinese nation. Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, countries all over the world learn from each others by imitating, purchasing, merging, investing, digesting and absorbing. Only in this way can the human being develop new technologies step by step. This is not only the basic law of the development of science and technology, but also the basic law of innovation-driven economic development. The rapid development of science and technology in China today is the result of following the laws of the development of science and technology. According to the statistics from many international patent agencies, China’s quantity of patent applications and invention patent applications is among the top in the world. China is a big country in technological innovation, and China’s IPR protection system is becoming more and more sound. In fact, for example, China’s technology of 5G is leading far ahead of US, it is ridiculous to accuse China for stealing US technology.

 

不公平之八:美国指责中国强制技术转让不符合事实,得好还卖乖。自从1978年改革开放以来,中国出台了大量外商投资、土地、税收、劳工等优惠政策,吸引外国直接投资。有些美国公司为了开拓中国市场,与同行展开竞争,自愿以技术作为投资入股,和中国合作伙伴进行合作。美国公司按照市场法则以技术换市场,是自由选择的结果,也是双赢的结局。如果美国不以技术入股,哪有合作优势?哪能在激烈的市场竞争中站稳脚跟?美国公司如果担心技术转让,完全可以退出中国市场。没有人强逼美国公司必须留在中国,也做不到这一点。美国不能一面在中国大发横财,一面又嫉妒中国企业的技术进步,企图继续谋取无本万利的地位。如果因为竞争不过中国公司,就采取非理性的手段进行竞争,那不是长久之计。

Eighth, that the US administration accuses China of forcing technology transfer is not in line with the facts. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has introduced a large number of preferential policies in foreign investment, land, taxation and labor to attract foreign direct investment. In order to open up the Chinese market and have a comparative advantage, some US companies choose to use technology as an investment to cooperate with Chinese partners. The US companies’ choice follows the rule of market. It is the result of free choice and a win-win outcome. If they didn’t choose to use technology as their capital stock, how could they get cooperation advantage and stand firm in the fierce market competition? If they were worried about forced technology transfer, they would have left Chinese market rather than cooperation within China for so many years. The US administration should not have that illusion that the US companies could make big money while being jealous of the technological progress of Chinese companies and gain great profit without any cost. If US takes irrational means to compete just because they failed in the Chinese market, it is not a long-term solution.

 

不公平之九:美国以国家力量打压科技公司极端霸道,属于不正当竞争。美国政府为了遏制中国核心技术发展,以举国之力打击中国高科技公司,先要求加拿大逮捕并引渡没有触犯加拿大法律的华为财务高管孟晚舟,然后禁止华为公司进入美国市场,禁止美国芯片公司和与之有关联的外国公司出售核心电讯零配件给华为,全方位封锁、绞杀通讯领域世界最大的公司。这是美国遏制中国高科技发展的图谋一个组成部分。不仅如此,美国竟然要求中国废止“中国2025制造”的国家发展战略,其直接动机和目的是防止中国发展高科技,挑战其世界科技霸主的核心地位,防止中国超越美国成为世界第一。这是以不正当手段遏制中国发展的极端霸道行径。中国人民能答应这样霸道的要求吗?

Ninth, the practice of US administration of using government power to suppress a technology company. It is an unfair competition. In order to stop China’s core technology development, the US administration used the power of the whole country to suppress Chinese high-tech company Huawei. The US administration first asked Canada to arrest and extradite Ms. Meng Wanzhou, CFO of Huawei, who did not violate any Canadian law, and then banned Huawei from entering the US market and banned US chip companies and related foreign enterprises from selling core telecommunications spare parts to Huawei. The US administration is trying to block and kill the world's largest companies in communications. This is part of the US administration’s attempt to contain China’s high-tech development. More than that, the US administration has even asked China to stop the “Made in China 2025” national development strategy. Its direct motive and purpose is to prevent China from developing high-tech and challenging its core position as the world’s technology hegemony. All the US administration want is to prevent China from becoming the world number one economy. This is an extreme hegemonic act that uses unfair means to contain China’s development. How can the Chinese people say yes to such a hegemonic request?

 

不公平之十:美国搞极限施压,意图将苛刻的不平等待遇强加于人。在中美贸易谈判中,美国摆出二战时战胜国对付战败国的架子,居高临下,搞阴谋诡计,极限施压,企图迫使世界第二大经济体妥协让步,一举打垮中国。这不是把时空搞颠倒了吗?美国许多政客如今还沉浸冷战胜利的梦境里?正确的做法是,美国应开出优惠条件,吸引包括中国在内的世界各国投资,帮助美国发展经济,这才是正道。美国用零和游戏来处理世界大国之间的关系,开了当代国际关系非常危险的先例。美国家领导人、国会议员和联邦部委要员几乎倾巢而出,对中国口诛笔伐,造谣、污蔑、抹黑、假新闻满天飞。以往在中美关系处在健康状态下不敢太过张扬的反华右翼势力受到鼓励,把攻击中国视为“政治正确性”。这种肆意夸大国家安全威胁,制造恐惧氛围,开展恶意竞争的做法,严重恶化中美关系,不禁让人感到麦卡锡主义又在美国还魂了。

Tenth, the United States is attempting to impose harsh and unequal treatment on China through extreme pressure. In China-US trade negotiations, the US organizes political conspiracy as well as exerting extreme pressure, like how they treated defeated countries after the Second World War, intending to defeat China totally and force China, the world’s second largest economy, to give up. Time can never return. American politicians who are still in their dreams of being the Cold War victory shall wake up. The only correct option for the US is to provide all countries, including China, with favorable treatment so as to attract investment, which helps support US economical growth. The US views the relationship between the major countries as a zero sum game designed to enhance its power and wealth, which is a dangerous precedent for international relationships. Now almost all of the US government leaders, congressmen and federal ministers accuse China, and negative publicity, vicious slanders and fake news are everywhere. Anti-Chinese forces, who are less aggressive during the grace period of China-US, now regard attacking China as “politically right”. Exaggerating problems in the threat to national security, creating hostile atmosphere and promoting vicious competition, ruin the relationship between China and the US, which seems that McCarthyism again revives and prevails in the US.

 

不公平之十一:美国政府对中国人民追求国家复兴、民族兴旺打压是不道德的。中国共产党和政府一直把为中华民族复兴服务,为人民谋幸福服务当作奋斗目标和根本追求。中国人民追求过上美好生活的愿望,是善良的。中国提出建设人类命运共同体,实现各国和平发展合作共赢,是真诚的。美国以偏概全,抛出所谓的“修昔底德陷阱”、文明冲突论,对中国发展和繁荣深怀焦虑和恐惧,进而改变国际贸易规则,采取类似冷战的手法开始恶意竞争,阻止中国的发展,是直接与中国人民为敌。这种得罪14亿中国人的言行,是极端不明智的,其代价无法估量。美国长期在中国人民面前扮演的自由、民主、公正、平等、法治的形象轰然倒地。中国人民永远不会忘记二战时美国帮助抗击日本帝国主义的历史恩情,但也不会容忍殖民主义和帝国主义欺压中国的历史重演。

Eleventh, it is immoral for the US government to suppress the Chinese people’s pursuit of national rejuvenation and prosperity. The overall goal and the original pursuit of Chinese Communists and government are to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. The Chinese Dream integrates national and personal aspirations, with the twin goals of reclaiming national pride and achieving personal well-being. It requires sustained economic growth, expanded equality and an infusion of cultural values to balance materialism. These are noble ideals and legitimate aims. Chinese people’s desire for a better life is sincere. It is sincere that China initiated to build a community with a shared future for mankind so as to achieve mutual beneficial cooperation with other countries. The US is deeply anxious and fearful of China’s development and prosperity, by throwing out the so-called “Thucydides trap” and “the clash of civilizations”. The US tries to change the international trade rules and adopts Cold War approach set out a vicious competition against China. By doing this, the US has stood on the opposite side of China. The offense made to the of 1.4 billion Chinese people will cost inestimable lost to the US as well. The image of freedom, democracy, justice, equality, and the rule of law that the US has demonstrated before the Chinese people has collapsed totally. The Chinese people will never forget the history that China and US fought against the Japanese imperialism during World War II; however, we will never tolerate the reappearance of oppression of colonialism and imperialism in China.

 

中国是具有5000年文明历史的国家,在18世纪之前长达1500年中一直处在世界第一的位置上。中国经历过无数惊涛骇浪,见识过无数艰难险阻,依然巍然不动屹立在世界东方。中国复兴是大概率事件,中国落后只是小概率事件。改革开放以来短短40年间,中国就发展成为世界第二大经济体,世界第一大工业国,世界第一大贸易国。相信再经过30年左右的发展,中国人民将克服一切艰难险阻,努力奋斗,朝着既定目标前进,中国一定可以复兴成为世界强国,恢复其应有的历史地位和国际地位。国际社会应该理性看待中国复兴,承认中国崛起的历史事实,尊重中国人民的伟大民族精神和伟大力量。中美合作共赢是唯一正确的选择,也是造福中美两国的必由之路。

China is a country with a history of 5,000 years of civilization, ranking No. 1 in the world for 1,500 years before the 18th century. Having experienced countless storms and waves, overcome countless difficulties and obstacles, China still stands still in the East of the world. It is national rejuvenation of China that has a high probability, while there is very little likelihood for a backward tendency. In the short period of 40 years after China conducting the Reform and Opening Up, China has developed into the world's second largest economy, the world’s largest industrial country, and the world’s largest trading nation. It is believed that in next 30 years the Chinese people will continue to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, certainly be able to regain its status as a world power, and restore its historical status and international status. The international community should take the Chinese rejuvenation rationally and patiently, acknowledge the historical facts of China’s rising up. It is the only right way for China and US to cooperate for a win-win situation, which is also a must solution to benefit the world.