常驻联合国代表张军大使在“促进和加强国际人道法”安理会公开会上的发言
Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at the Open Meeting of the Security Council on “The Promotion and Strengthening of the Rule of Law in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security: International Humanitarian Law”
2019年8月13日
13 August 2019
主席先生，
Mr. President,
欢迎查普托维奇外长阁下主持会议。感谢苏亚雷斯副秘书长和红十字国际委员会毛雷尔主席的通报。我也认真听取了贝拉尔女士的发言。
Thank you, Mr. President for once again presiding over the Security Council meeting. I welcome His Excellency Mr. Maas, Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs of Germany. I thank USG Soares and ICRC President Maurer for their briefings. I have listened carefully to the statement by Ms. Bellal.
70年前，经过两次世界大战的浩劫，国际社会痛定思痛，修订完善《日内瓦公约》，并经过发展和补充，通过了有关附加议定书，确立了以“保护”为核心的人道、区分、军事需要、比例和禁止报复原则，闪耀着人道主义的光辉，得到世界各国一致支持，是多边主义的重要体现。20年前，武装冲突中保护平民问题纳入安理会议程，国际人道法原则得到进一步发展与巩固。当前，国际安全形势依然严峻并有新的发展，传统和非传统安全威胁交织，一些地区武装冲突持续甚至升级，引发国际社会严重关切。推动通过对话和平解决争端，维护国际人道法、彰显国际人道主义精神意义重大。在此，中方愿强调以下几点：
Seventy years ago, in the aftermath of two world wars, the international community, after painful reflection, came together, revised and made improvements to the Geneva Conventions, further developed and supplemented them by adopting the Additional Protocols. The principles of humanity, differentiation, military necessity, proportionality and prohibition of reprisals were established with “protection” at the center. These shining principles of humanity received universal support from all countries in the world in a strong and important manifestation of multilateralism. Two decades ago, the protection of civilians in armed conflict was added to the agenda of the Security Council, paving the way for the further development and consolidation of the principles of international humanitarian law (IHL). At present, the international security situation remains grave and fraught with new dynamics. The traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined. Armed conflicts in some regions have protracted or even escalated, causing serious concerns to the international community. Promoting peaceful settlement of disputes through dialogue, upholding IHL and carrying forward the international humanitarian spirit are of great significance. China would like to emphasize the following points:
第一，当事国政府和冲突各方要切实履行国际人道法义务。各国政府在任何情况下均对遵守国际人道法负有首要责任，其作用不可替代。争议地区冲突各方的行为应受到国际人道法的约束。在冲突不可避免的情况下，应坚持国际人道法原则，防止滥用武力或不计人道后果的行为。对违反国际人道法的行为，应依法进行调查和惩处。
First, governments concerned and parties to the conflict must earnestly fulfill their obligations under IHL. Governments, in all circumstances, bear the primary responsibility to comply with IHL and this role is irreplaceable. The conduct of parties to conflict in disputed areas should be governed by IHL. In situations where conflicts are inevitable, the principles of IHL should be upheld to prevent the indiscriminate use of force or acts that disregard humanitarian consequences. Any violation of IHL should be investigated and punished according to law.
第二，国际社会应发挥建设性作用，帮助有关各方加强履行国际人道法义务的能力建设。中方赞赏红十字国际委员会坚持中立、公正、独立的基本原则，长期以来为推动《日内瓦公约》及其附加议定书的广泛传播和有效落实作出贡献。人道机构应在尊重当事国主权基础上，弘扬人道、博爱、奉献精神，通过提供培训、法律咨询、技术支持和经验交流等方式，确保国际人道法原则得到有效落实。
Second, the international community should play a constructive role in helping the relevant parties to strengthen capacity-building in implementing their obligations under IHL. China appreciates the effort of ICRC in adhering to the principles of neutrality, impartiality and independence and its longstanding contribution to the wide dissemination and effective implementation of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. Humanitarian agencies, on the basis of full respect for sovereignty of the countries concerned, should promote humanity, compassion and dedication and engage in training, legal consultancy, technical support and experience-sharing to ensure the effective implementation of the principles of IHL.
第三，应以加强现有国际人道法机制有效性为重点，强化国际人道法的实施。当前，网络、人工智能、高科技武器不断发展，非国际武装冲突和恐怖主义频发，为国际人道法实施带来挑战。国际社会应坚持从适用和遵守国际人道法的实际需要出发，以各国协商一致为基础，就应对当前挑战、强化国际人道法的实施达成普遍共识。
Third, the implementation of IHL should be strengthened with a focus on enhancing the effectiveness of existing mechanisms of IHL. At present, the continuous development of cyber technologies, artificial intelligence and high-tech weapons, frequent occurrence of non-international armed conflicts and terrorist attack pose challenges to the implementation of IHL. The international community should proceed from the practical needs of applying and complying with IHL and build on the consensus of countries to reach a broad agreement on addressing current challenges and strengthening the implementation of IHL.
第四，安理会应重视解决产生冲突的根源性问题，实现标本兼治。预防冲突发生，减少和解决冲突，以和平方式解决争端，是实现以“保护”为核心的国际人道主义精神的根本之道。安理会作为集体安全机制的核心，应切实履行维护国际和平与安全的首要职责，推动争议各方履行安理会决议义务，通过促进对话协商和政治谈判化解冲突。国际社会应树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，构建对话不对抗、结伴不结盟的伙伴关系，打造一个持久和平与普遍安全的世界。应树立人类命运共同体意识，倡导共商、共建、共享的全球治理理念，努力营造和平稳定的国际环境。
Fourth, the Security Council should attach importance to tackling the underlying causes of conflicts by addressing both the symptoms and the root causes. Conflict prevention, reduction and resolution and peaceful settlement of disputes are best approaches to upholding the spirit of IHL centering on protection. At the heart of the collective security mechanism, the Security Council should earnestly fulfill its primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, and encourage parties to dispute to fulfill their obligations to implement Security Council resolutions and resolve conflicts through dialogue, consultation and political negotiations. The international community should establish a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept, build partnerships by way of choosing dialogue over confrontation and partnership over alliance, and create a world of lasting peace and universal security. We should build a community of shared future for mankind, advocate a global governance concept of extensive consultations, joint contributions and shared benefits, and strive to create a peaceful and stable international environment.
主席先生，
Mr. President,
中国是首批加入《日内瓦公约》及其附加议定书的国家之一。长期以来，中国政府在实施、研究和普及国际人道法方面采取了许多积极有益的措施，包括加强国内相关立法、对军队进行有关培训咨询和在全社会开展国际人道法教育与普及活动等。2007年，中国成立了国际人道法国家委员会，旨在促进国际人道法在中国的传播和实施。中方愿继续与各方一道，为国际人道法的发展与落实作出更大贡献。
China was among the first countries to accede to the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. Over the years, the Chinese government has been taking useful and practical measures to implement, study and disseminate IHL, including strengthening relevant domestic legislation, conducting training and advising in the army, and carrying out IHL education and publicity activities throughout the society. In 2007, the National Committee of International Humanitarian Law was established to promote the dissemination and implementation of IHL in China. China stands ready to continue to work with all parties to make greater contributions to the development and implementation of international humanitarian law.
谢谢主席先生。
Thank you, Mr. President.