双语:繁荣之路——中国发展的故事
发布时间:2021年05月28日
发布人:nanyuzi  

A Journey to Prosperity: China’s Story

繁荣之路——中国发展的故事

 

Ambassador Zhao Zhiyuan Publishes Signed Article on Ethiopian Mainstream Media

驻埃塞俄比亚大使赵志远在埃塞媒体发表署名文章

 

19 April 2021

2021年4月19日

 

In the past year, Chinese economy has bucked the trend and expanded by 2.3 percent, becoming the first major economy worldwide to register positive growth. In 2021, China sets its growth target at 6 percent. People are thus keenly intrigued by the development of China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). As the CPC will celebrate its centenary in July this year, I would like to take this opportunity to share with Ethiopian friends my views on China’s development experience.

过去的一年,中国经济逆势而上,在全球主要经济体中率先实现正增长,经济增速达2.3%。2021年预期增长目标为6%。这使得许多人对中国共产党领导下的中国发展历程充满好奇与兴趣。今年七月,中国共产党将迎来百年华诞。借此机会,我愿与埃塞各界朋友分享我对中国发展经验的看法。

 

First, China’s prosperity boils down to the strong leadership of the CPC.

首先,中国的繁荣发展归功于中国共产党的坚强领导。

 

Chinese President Xi Jinping said, “the leadership of the CPC is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Without the CPC, there would not be the People’s Republic of China, nor would there be China’s prosperity.” When the CPC established the government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the country was a devastated mess following a century of war and chaos. Its people lived in dire poverty with per capita disposable income only 49.7 yuan, lower than that of Ethiopia at the time; its industrial and agricultural foundations were extremely weak and its national economy on the verge of collapse. Over the past 71 years, under the leadership of the CPC, China has completed a course that had taken developed countries several hundred years. China has upgraded its infrastructure and transformed its rural and urban areas, taken care of the material needs of its nearly 1.4 billion people, increased nominal per capita disposable income by over 640 folds, and become an upper middle income country and the world’s second largest economy. More than 800 million Chinese people have shaken off extreme poverty, accounting for over 70% of all global poverty reduction population during the same period, making China the country that saw the fastest progress in people’s livelihoods and well-being in the world in the past 10 years. These are not only tremendous changes of China, but also huge progress of the human society, and more importantly major contributions to the peace and development of the world.

中国国家主席习近平说:“中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征。没有共产党,就没有新中国,就没有新中国的繁荣富强。”1949年,当中国共产党建立新中国政权时,面对的是一个经历多年战乱、满目疮痍的烂摊子,人民生活极端贫困,人均可支配收入仅49.7元人民币,低于埃塞;工农业基础十分薄弱,国民经济几近崩溃。70多年来,在中国共产党领导下,中国用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的发展历程,基础设施、城乡面貌焕然一新,14亿人民摆脱了物质短缺,名义人均可支配收入增长640多倍,一跃成为上中等收入国家和世界第二大经济体;8亿多人摆脱了绝对贫困,占同期全球减贫人口的70%以上,是近10年全球民生福祉进步最快的国家。这不仅是中国的巨大变化,也是人类社会的巨大进步,更是对世界和平发展的巨大贡献。

 

Sam Mashinini, Chairperson of South Africa’s ruling party ANC in Free State, holds that China has a set of theories and philosophies derived from practice, which is the result of the strong leadership of the CPC. The CPC leadership has ensured the execution and continuity of policies, maintained a stable development environment, and brought about the long-term stability of the country. This was proved by China’s achievements in Covid-19 prevention and control and economic recovery last year. Facing shocks of a severity rarely seen before, the CPC laid equal stress on fighting Covid-19 and restoring economy. To ease the difficulties of businesses and stimulate their vitality in this very tough time, a series of policies were rolled out to help micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and took the most direct hit from Covid-19. Time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts were adopted, reducing the burden on market entities by more than 2.6 trillion yuan for the year. In the meantime, China’s economic growth has also contributed to the global economic recovery.

南非执政党非国大自由州省主席萨姆·马西尼尼认为,中国有一套从实践中得来的理念和理论,这得益于中国共产党强有力的领导。中国共产党的领导保证了政策的执行力和延续性,维持了稳定的发展环境,带来了国家长治久安。这可以从去年中国的疫情防控和经济复苏中得到验证。面对历史罕见的冲击,中国共产党坚持抗疫和恢复经济并重,出台系列政策,助企纾困和激发活力并举,帮助受冲击最直接且量大面广的中小微企业和个体工商户渡难关,实施阶段性大规模减税降费,全年为市场主体减负超过2.6万亿元人民币。中国经济的增长也为世界经济复苏贡献了力量。

 

Indian scholar Hanumantha Rao maintains that “democratic centralism” has been embodied in the political system of the People’s Republic of China since its founding. This political system makes for efficient governance, for unified decisions can be made quickly on the basis of extensively absorbing the opinions of all parties. Once decisions are made by the CPC Central Committee, leadership at all levels act immediately and decisively on the implementation. Strict discipline of the CPC serves as a powerful guarantee for effective execution and good working style of the leadership team. The CPC leadership is ardently supported by the Chinese people. According to a survey conducted by the Harvard’s Kennedy School that spanned over 10 years, Chinese citizens’ satisfaction with and support for the CPC and the Chinese government is as high as 93 percent. “Only the CPC can lead China”. This historical conclusion and great truth stands incontestable.

印度学者哈努曼泰·饶认为,新中国成立以来在政治制度中一直体现“民主集中制”,这可以在广泛地吸收各方意见的基础上迅速做出统一决策,政府效率非常高。党中央一旦形成决策,各级干部闻风而动,狠抓落实。严明的党内纪律成为干部队伍执行力和工作作风的有力保证。中国共产党的领导深受中国人民拥护。美国哈佛大学肯尼迪学院一项长达十多年的研究表明,中国共产党和中国政府在中国人民心目中享有的满意度和支持率高达93%。“只有中国共产党才能领导中国”,这个历史结论、伟大真理,颠扑不破。

 

Second, China’s prosperity is attributed to the exploration and innovation of its development philosophies.

其次,中国的繁荣发展得益于发展理念的开拓创新。

 

Innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress and the inexhaustible driving force for a country’s prosperity. Insisting on emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, the CPC is an innovative party that adapts to changing times. From Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory to the Theory of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development, the CPC creatively combined the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific reality at different stages, continuously promoted theoretical innovation based on practice, constantly studied new situations, solved new problems, kept making progress in reform and development, and greatly liberated and developed China’s productive forces. In particular, more than 40 years of reform and opening-up which have paved China’s journey to prosperity, have become a decisive move on the fate of contemporary China. In the view of the CPC, there is no end to striving for development in practice, nor can there be end to our efforts to emancipate the mind and carry out reform and opening-up.

创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。中国共产党始终坚持解放思想、实事求是,是具有创新精神、与时俱进的党。从毛泽东思想、邓小平理论到“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观,中国共产党在不同时期创造性地将马克思主义基本原理与中国具体实际相结合,不断推进基于实践的理论创新,不断研究新情况,解决新问题,不断开创改革发展新局面,极大地解放和发展了中国的生产力。特别是40多年的改革开放铺就了中国的繁荣之路,成为决定当代中国命运的关键一招。在中国共产党看来,实践发展永无止境,解放思想永无止境,改革开放也永无止境。

 

President Xi once pointed out, “development philosophy is the determining factor for the outcome of development or even its success.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the party came up with a series of innovative theories that have enriched and developed the Marxism of modern China and the Marxism in the 21st century, created Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and put forward the concepts of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and inclusive development. Mr. Kuhn, Chairperson of the Kuhn Foundation of the US said that the five new development concepts are changing the Chinese society and promoting balanced economic development. Likewise, the Belt and Road Initiative could push for a more balanced global economy by improving the infrastructure of developing countries. Philosophical and practical innovation, institutional and systematic innovation, and scientific and technological innovation reinforce each other, driving China’s reform and opening-up to new heights from one to another.

习近平主席曾指出:“发展理念是否对头,从根本上决定着发展成效乃至成败。”中国共产党十八大以来,党的一系列创新理论丰富发展了当代中国的马克思主义和21世纪马克思主义,创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念。对此,美国库恩基金会主席库恩表示,五大新发展理念正在改变中国社会和促进经济平衡发展;同样,“一带一路”倡议也能够改善发展中国家的基础设施以及促进全球经济的平衡。理念的创新和实践创新、制度体制创新、科技创新交相呼应、互相促进,从而推动着中国改革开放不断取得新成绩。

 

As a vast country with a nearly 1.4 billion population, China has no experience of modernization to borrow from in human history. Copying or imitating other countries makes no way forward. China has constantly resolved difficulties and challenges through reform and innovation in its course of development. The greatest inspiration from China’s development is that, a country should learn from the experience of other countries when choosing the path of development, but more importantly the choice should be based on its own reality and decided by its own people in accordance with its own history, cultural traditions, and level of economic and social development. Countries can learn from each other in terms of development experience. But modernization is not equal to Westernization, and cannot be mechanically carried out or achieved through the same model. In this wise, the Chinese people have chosen the path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, and the Ethiopian people are moving forward the reform agenda under the guidance of Medemer philosophy.

一个有着14亿人口的大国实现现代化,在人类历史上没有先例可循。照搬没有出路,模仿容易迷失。中国不断通过改革创新破解前进中遇到的困难和挑战。中国发展的最大启示,就是一个国家走什么样的发展道路、采用什么样的发展理念,既要借鉴别国经验,更要立足本国实际,依据自己的历史传承、文化传统、经济社会发展水平,由这个国家的人民来决定。各国可以相互学习借鉴发展经验,但现代化不等于西方化,不能生搬硬套,更不能一家说了算。基于此,中国人民选择了中国特色社会主义道路,埃塞人民正在和谐共生(Medemer)理念引领下,推进各项改革议程。

 

Last but not least, China’s prosperity is the outcome of long-term guidance of development planning.

最后,中国的繁荣发展有赖于发展规划的长期引领。

 

President Xi stressed that to formulate and implement five-year plans for national economic and social development is an important means of the CPC’s governance. The CPC has set two centenary goals: to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021; to build a strong modern socialist country by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China in 2049. To achieve the long-term goals, China has compiled 14 five-year plans since 1953, which have vigorously promoted social and economic development, increased comprehensive national strength, improved people’s lives, and created a miracle of unprecedented rapid economic growth and long-term social stability. In formulating development plans, China has, with both current and long-term priorities in mind, upheld a philosophy of people-centered development, directing all its undertakings towards fulfilling the people’s aspiration for a better life and protecting their democratic rights. China seeks driving forces among the people, promoting development relying on the people, and benefiting the people through development. In this process, the Chinese people have an increasingly strong sense of fulfillment, happiness and security. In the implementation of the plans, under the leadership of the CPC, the Chinese people achieved various development goals step by step. Sticking to the blueprint that has been drawn, we forge ahead and continuously make progress. This has become a distinctive feature of the governance of the CPC.

习近平主席指出,编制和实施国民经济和社会发展五年规划,是我们党治国理政的重要方式。中国共产党设定了“两个一百年”奋斗目标:到建党一百年时(2021年),全面建成小康社会;到新中国成立一百年时(2049年),全面建成社会主义现代化强国。为实现长远目标,从1953年开始,中国已经编制了14个五年规划(计划),有力推动了经济社会发展、综合国力提升、人民生活改善,创造了世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹。在制定规划时,我们立足当前、着眼长远,秉持以人民为中心的发展思想,把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标,把改善人民生活、增进人民福祉、保障人民民主权利作为出发点和落脚点,在人民中寻找发展动力、依靠人民推动发展、使发展造福人民,不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感。在实施规划时,中国共产党带领人民,一步一个脚印地实现各项发展目标。我们坚持一张蓝图绘到底,一任接着一任干,在接续奋斗中不断发展进步。这已成为中国共产党执政的鲜明特征。

 

For instance, during the just concluded “13th Five-Year Plan” period, China’s GDP increased from less than 70 trillion yuan to over 100 trillion yuan, contributing more than 30 percent to world economic growth. Remarkable progress has been achieved in poverty alleviation. 55.75 million poor people in rural areas have been lifted out of poverty, completing the arduous task of eradicating absolute poverty. The goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent residents without local household registration has been met. More than 21 million housing units in run-down urban areas were rebuilt. Over 60 million urban jobs were added, and the world’s largest social security system was established.

以刚过去的“十三五”规划时期为例,过去五年,中国国内生产总值从不到70万亿元增加到超过100万亿元,对世界经济增长的贡献率超过30%。脱贫攻坚成果举世瞩目,5575万农村贫困人口实现脱贫,完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务。1亿农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户目标顺利实现,城镇棚户区住房改造超过2100万套。人民生活水平显著提高,城镇新增就业超过6000万人,建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系。

 

In October 2020, the 5th Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted the outline of the “14th Five-Year Plan” and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, proposing to have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate the efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. This is similar to Ethiopia’s 10-Year Perspective Plan. China and Ethiopia shall seize the opportunity to strengthen policy communication, and identify more common goals and convergence of interests.

2020年10月,中国共产党十九届五中全会通过了关于“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要的建议,提出立足新发展阶段,贯彻新发展理念,构建新发展格局,推动高质量发展。这与埃塞的十年期发展规划有异曲同工之妙。中埃双方可抓住契机加强政策沟通,找到更多共同目标和利益交汇点。

 

“I am much aware that China has a great future and that China’s struggle is the struggle of the mankind, and China’s experience is very important to the mankind”. The words of Mr. Coase, a world-famous economist and Nobel laureate in economics, made clear the significance of China’s development for the world. Today’s China is the among the first to complete the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. China’s success has boosted the confidence of other developing countries in their ability to achieve prosperity, expanded their routes towards modernization, and provided experience and reference to countries that want to speed up their development and maintain their independence, enabling them to choose a path in line with their own national conditions. When saying that China’s development provides reference for other developing countries, we do not mean for other countries to copy China’s experience. China does not “import” foreign models, nor “export” the Chinese model, and will never require other countries to replicate its practices. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese Government stand ready to actively exchange experience in governance with Ethiopia and other friendly countries to learn from each other, pursue mutual interest, advance high-quality development of the “Belt and Road”, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and create a bright future of common prosperity!

“我深知中国前途远大,深知中国的奋斗就是全人类的奋斗,中国的经验对全人类非常重要。”世界著名经济学家、诺贝尔经济学奖得主科斯的话,道出了中国发展的世界意义。今天的中国,是世界上率先完成联合国千年发展目标的国家。中国发展的成功,提振了发展中国家实现国富民强的信心,拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径,为世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立的国家和民族,走符合本国国情的道路提供了经验和借鉴。当然,我们讨论中国经验对发展中国家的意义,并非要别国照抄照搬中国经验。我们不“输入”外国模式,也不“输出”中国模式,不会要求别国“复制”中国的做法。中国共产党和中国政府愿同包括埃塞在内的各友好国家,积极开展治国理政经验交流,互学互鉴、互利共赢,推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展,推动构建人类命运共同体,开创共同繁荣的美好未来!