necessary

【1】必要的，必须做的

 

①用作定语、表语、补语。

【例】Please take the necessary steps [do the needful] without delay.

请立即采取必要行动。

 

②后面可接用介词to或for。

【例】Foreign trade is necessary to the development of China’s national economy.

对外贸易对于中国国民经济的发展是必不可少的。

 

③后面可接用不定式。

【例】It is necessary for you to ship the goods in time.

你方必须及时装运该货。

 

④可接用that从句，从句中要用should或虚拟语气现在时。

【例】We think it necessary that a Force Majeure Clause (should) be included in the contract.

我们认为合同中必须有不可抗力条款。

 

【2】必须做的事

按一般形容词转化为不可数名词的规则：用单数形式，前面加用the（如：poor → the poor）。

 

【例】We hope that you will do the necessary [needful] immediately to stop all breaches of the Agreement.

我们希望你方立即采取必要措施阻止破坏本协议的一切行动。

 

necessitate

使成必需

 

【例】The development of foreign trade necessitates a greater supply of various export commodities.

随着对外贸易的发展，各种出口商品的供应必须增多。

 

necessity

【1】需要，必要

 

①多用作不可数名词；有时用作名词单数，即前面要加a。

【例】The information contained in the catalogue is of necessity only.

目录中仅包括一些主要的内容。

 

②后面可接用for。

【例】There is no necessity for your presence at the inspection.

你方没有必要参加检验。

 

③后面可接用of doing sth。

【例】We must emphasize the necessity of quoting really competitive prices if the goods are to command a ready sale in this market.

我们强调说明，该货若在本地市场能够畅销，需要报来真正有竞争性的价格。

 

④有时后面接用不定式。

【例】Now we cannot but consider the contract as cancelled. Meanwhile, we do not rule out the necessity to lodge a claim against you some time later.

现在我方不得不考虑撤销此合约，同时不排除日后必要时向你方提出索赔。

 

【2】（生活）必需品

 

【例】Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn money to buy necessities.

无形贸易对某些国家就像出口原料或商品对其他国家那样重要。这两种情况下，都是国家赚钱购买生活必需品。

 

【3】under the necessity of doing sth不得不……，必须……

 

可用于表语或补语之中。

【例】We much regret to find ourselves under the necessity of rejecting the goods.

非常遗憾，我们不得不拒收此货。