双语资料:驻英国大使刘晓明在英国亚洲之家的主旨演讲
发布时间:2018年05月31日
发布人:nanyuzi  

展现大国担当,共享中国机遇

China: A Responsible Country and an Opportunity to All

 

驻英国大使刘晓明在英国亚洲之家的主旨演讲

Keynote Speech by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at Asia House

 

2018年5月21日

21 May 2018

 

尊敬的亚洲之家主席格林勋爵,

各位议员,

各位使节,

女士们,先生们,

大家上午好!

Lord Green,

My Lords and MPs,

Your Excellencies,

Ladies and gentlemen:

Good morning!

 

很高兴再次来到亚洲之家。格林主席希望我谈谈当前普遍关注的中美贸易争端问题。

It is a great pleasure to be back in Asia House. Lord Green asked me to talk about China-US trade dispute. This is a really hot topic which has attracted much attention lately.

 

两天前,习近平主席特使、刘鹤副总理结束对美国的访问,双方就经贸问题进行了坦率沟通,发表了联合声明。两国同意采取有效措施减少美对华贸易逆差,将在能源、农产品、医疗、高科技产品、金融等领域加强贸易合作,并继续加强投资和深化知识产权领域的合作。本次磋商最大成果是双方达成了共识,驱散了“贸易战”阴云。这对两国人民和国际社会都是一个好消息。我认为,上述成果来之不易,传递了以下信息:

Two days ago, Vice Premier Liu He visited the United States as Special Envoy of President Xi Jinping. Following constructive consultations between Vice Premier Liu and his US counterparts, a joint statement was released last weekend. The two countries agreed to take effective measures to substantially reduce the United States trade deficit in goods with China, increase trade in agriculture, energy, manufactured goods and services, and continue to strengthen cooperation on intellectual property protection and two-way investment. The most significant outcome is obvious: China-US consensus dispersed the dark cloud of a “trade war”. For the peoples of both China and the United States, and for all those who have been concerned about how the trade disputes might evolve, this is really a good news. But this outcome has not come easy. In my view, they contain the following messages:

 

  第一,顺应了两国人民对中美经贸关系健康发展的共同期待。对中国而言,有利于推动中国经济转向高质量发展,满足人民不断增长的消费需求。中国将继续以开放促改革、促发展。对美国而言,有利于美方削减贸易赤字,促进美国经济增长和就业。

First, this outcome is what Chinese and American people want. It is what a sound China-US economic and trade relationship needs. For China, this outcome is in the interest of achieving high-quality economic development and meeting the growing consumption needs of the Chinese people. China will continue to open up, and in this process press ahead with reform and seek further development. For the United States, this outcome will help cut trade deficit and support growth and employment.

 

  第二,有利于维护全球经济贸易稳定繁荣。中美作为全球主要经济体,就贸易争端达成共识,对世界是一个重大利好消息。我多次说过,贸易战没有赢家。通过本次磋商,中美都展现了负责任大国的担当,有助于维护国际贸易秩序,有利于促进世界经济健康发展。

Second, this outcome is conducive to global economic and trade stability and prosperity. Trade consensus between China and the US, the two major economies in the world, is welcome news to all. As I have said on many occasions, there is no winner in a trade war. In this latest consultation, both China and the United States demonstrated the responsibility of major stakeholders. This outcome is certainly in the interest of safeguarding international trade order and promoting a healthy world economy.

 

  第三,维护中美经贸关系健康发展仍需长期不懈努力。两国经贸关系健康发展符合两国利益和时代潮流,但解决两国经贸关系多年来的结构性问题非一日之功,需做出不懈努力。相信双方下一阶段能继续保持密切沟通协调,巩固共识成果,同时冷静看待未来两国关系发展中可能遇到的新曲折新矛盾,坚持对话,着眼大局,妥善处理。

Third, this outcome highlights the importance of persistency and perseverance in maintaining sound economic and trade ties between China and the US. There is no doubt that sound economic and trade ties between China and the US serve the interests of both countries and conform to the trend of the times. Yet, Rome is not built in a day. Resolving the accumulated systemic trade issues calls for unremitting efforts. This outcome shows that the two countries will stay in close consultation and effective coordination to build on this consensus. In the years ahead, they will be capable of remaining cool-headed in face of any potential problems and difficulties in their relations. This will enable them to see the big picture and sit down, talk and find an appropriate solution.

 

女士们、先生们,

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

中美“贸易战”似乎已烟消云散,但这场贸易争端反映出的深层次问题值得深思。目前解决两国贸易争端取得了阶段性成果,但只有找准问题症结、对症施策,才能做到“药到病除”;只有认识到位、思想到位,才能“解开心结”,避免重蹈覆辙。我认为,努力做到以下四个方面十分重要:

The danger of a China-US “trade war” has abated. But the deep seated issues underscored by this round of trade dispute deserve some deep and serious thinking. The latest consensus has temporarily put the trade disputes to bed. But to prevent the spectre from rising again, we must identify the crux of the issue and administer the right remedy. To this end, I would like to share with you my four suggestions as food for thought.

 

  第一,要以全面客观的眼光而不是怀疑猜忌的态度看待中国的发展。今年是中国改革开放40周年,改革开放是中国和世界共同发展进步的伟大历程。

My first suggestion is to stop being suspicious about China and see the big picture of China’s development in an objective light. This year marks the 40th anniversary of the introduction of reform and opening-up policy in China. This policy has led to huge progress in China and the world.

 

就中国自身发展而言,40年来,中国成功走出了一条符合本国国情的发展道路,成为世界第二大经济体、第一大工业国、第一大货物贸易国,第一大外汇储备国,现在正从高速增长阶段向高质量发展阶段转变。我们的发展目标是要在质量变革、效率变革、动力变革的基础上,建设现代化经济体系,提高全要素生产率,不断增强经济创新力和竞争力。

For China, reform and opening-up is a road to development that is in line with its national conditions. It has led China to become the second largest economy, the largest industrial country, the largest trader in goods and to have the largest foreign exchange reserves. And it will lead China to shift from high-speed economic growth to high-quality development. This means China will rely on reform to create better quality, higher efficiency and more robust growth drivers. And on this basis, we are aimed at building a modernized economy, enhancing total factor productivity and strengthening innovation and competitiveness.

 

就中国与世界共同发展而言,中国已深度融入现行国际体系。我们坚持对外开放基本国策,不断提升发展的内外联动性,已经并正在实施一系列重大开放举措,给世界各国提供更多机遇。中国连续多年对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%,成为世界经济增长的主要稳定器和动力源。2017年,中国对外直接投资1246亿美元,中资企业上缴东道国税费超过300亿美元,为当地创造就业岗位135万个,有力促进了东道国经济发展和民生改善。那种抹黑和限制中国投资的做法不仅有损当地营商环境,也不利于本国经济持续增长。

For the world, China has been a major opportunity for common development as it deepens reform and opening up and its integration into the current international system. China has been a stabiliser and powerhouse for world economic growth. For years, China has continuously contributed over 30% of world economic growth. In 2017, China invested $124.6 billion overseas.

Chinese companies paid over $30 billion in tax and fees to host countries, and created 1.35 million jobs locally. These are huge boosts to the local economy and life-changing for the local people. Demonizing and imposing restrictions on Chinese investment could poison the business environment and hamper the sustained growth of the host countries.

 

(此处无原文)

As has been over the past 40 years, China will continue to take opening up as its basic policy, increase connectivity with world, and promote common development with international partners.

A series of major and further opening up measures have been or are being implemented. These will bring more opportunities to all the countries in the world.

 

 

同时,中国仍是世界上最大的发展中国家,在前进过程中仍面临不少问题和挑战。这既表明改革发展的任务依然繁重,也意味着中国发展拥有巨大潜力和空间,更意味着中国将始终按照自己的步伐和节奏推进改革开放,不会受制于外来压力。中国的发展不是要取代谁,更不是要威胁谁。无论中国发展到什么程度,都始终是世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。中国绝不走“国强必霸”的老路,反对以邻为壑、恃强凌弱的强权逻辑,坚持走和平发展道路,秉持共商共建共享的全球治理观,推动构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系,构建人类命运共同体。

I must also stress that China remains the biggest developing country in the world. We have our share – quiet a big share I must admit – of problems and challenges. Therefore, as far as reform and development is concerned, we have our work cut out for us. But this also points to enormous potential and space for improvements. Moreover, it means that China will continue to press ahead with reform and opening up in its own time. This process will not be held up or spurred on recklessly under pressure. China wants to develop but does not deserve to be seen as seeking to replace or pose threat to anyone. China will become more developed, but this will not in anyway change our determination to always safeguard world peace, contribute to global development and uphold international order. China does not identify with the theory that “power leads to hegemony”. We deplore the logic of power politics. We despise the practice of “beggar thy neighbour”. And we detest acts of bullying.

 

 

  第二,要以互利共赢的思路而不是“你输我赢”的思维深化与中国的合作。在这个各国利益深度交融、密不可分的时代,没有谁能一家独大,关上门就等于堵住自己的路。如果固守“你输我赢、赢者通吃”的零和思维,必然会侵蚀自己发展的根基,进而损害世界各国共同利益。中国在对外合作中,始终致力于扩大同各国的利益汇合点,不搞霸王条款,不图占别人便宜;始终致力于构建开放型世界经济,推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡的共赢的方向发展。

My second suggestion is, to deepen cooperation with win-win results in mind rather than the belief in “I win, you lose”. In the world today, the interests of all countries are becoming deeply intertwined and inseparable. No one can afford to go back into isolation. If you close your door, you are blocking your own way out. If you cling to “zero-sum game”, believe that “the winner takes it all” and handle your cooperation with other countries accordingly, you will surely end up weakening the foundation for your own development. This will in turn undermine the common interests of all the countries in the world. China is doing it differently. In our cooperation with other countries, we are always committed to finding and expanding common interests. We do not impose “imparity clause” on others. We do not short change. We are committed to an open world economy. And we are ready to contribute our part to a globalization that is more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.

 

我们深知实现国家繁荣富强的艰辛,希望各国人民的日子越过越好,不会嫉妒甚至抱怨别国取得的发展成就。同样,我们也希望其他国家也能以同舟共济、荣辱与共的精神,与中国一道走开放融通、互利共赢之路。中国欢迎各方搭乘中国发展的“快车”,分享中国发展红利。

The road to development and prosperity is never easy. We know that from our own experience. So we wish all countries luck in building a better life, but we do not envy or complain about their success. In the same vein, we hope other countries could join us on this journey of greater openness and connectivity in the spirit of “sharing the load as well as benefits”. If China is a fast train to development, then everyone is welcome aboard and take a share of the benefit.

 

互利共赢的经贸合作是中美关系的稳定器和推进器。目前中美两国之间的经贸合作规模和结构是靠市场力量推动发展的,未来发展也应该符合市场经济规律。对于中美贸易不平衡问题,要与产业链、价值链和国际分工等因素联系起来进行分析判断,一味把逆差当作损失、把顺差当作收益的看法属于断章取义,是“只见树木不见森林”。如今,中国正在积极推动产业结构调整,广大消费者对高质量产品的需求不断增加。我们愿从包括美国在内的世界各国扩大进口,也欢迎包括美国企业在内的世界各国企业来中国投资兴业。同时希望美方取消在高科技等领域不应有的贸易限制,提高供给能力,给予中国产品和中国投资公平、公正的待遇,推动两国经济优势互补,实现互利共赢。

In the trade and economic cooperation between China and the US, mutual benefit and win-win results are the stabilizer and propeller. Such cooperation is driven by market forces and should continue to respect and follow the laws of the market in the future. The imbalances in China-US trade must be seen in the context of the international division of labour and industrial and value chains. It is oversimplification, and missing the big picture, to regard deficit as loss and surplus as gain. In Chinese, we call this “missing the woods for the trees”. Today, China is working on industrial restructuring to meet the growing consumer needs for high-quality products. We are prepared to import more from other countries including the United States. And we are open to investments from the international businesses including US companies. The US, on its part, should remove the undue restrictions on high-tech export, work on the supply side of its export, and treat Chinese products and investment equally and fairly. That will allow the two countries to match their strengths and achieve win-win results.

 

  第三,要以符合国际规则的方式而不是“本国优先”的观念处理分歧。在国与国交往中,存在差异和出现分歧在所难免,关键在于在相互尊重的基础上,按照公认的国际规则,以务实和建设性方式来管控和化解。在处理贸易争端和分歧问题上,中国不会以牺牲国家利益为代价,更不会拿核心利益做交易。同时,我们主张坚持多边主义,维护多边体制权威性和有效性,反对任何一方按照自己的意愿随意取舍或选择规则。

My third suggestion is to follow international rule rather than domestic laws in handling difference between countries. Differences and disputes are unavoidable in state-to-state relations. China believes that the right way to manage them is to respect each other, follow universally recognized rules and be pragmatic and constructive. However, China will never negotiate away its national interests or trade off its core interests. We uphold multilateralism and the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral system. No one should cherry pick rules.

 

长期以来,中国始终坚决捍卫世贸组织权威,坚持开放、透明、包容、非歧视、以规则为基础的世贸组织基本原则。根据世贸组织统计,中国入世后作为被诉方的案例共有40个,同期美国作为被诉方的案例则有80个。可见,在世贸组织合规方面,谁做得更好?事实胜于雄辩。希望美方今后能采取更多建设性举措,为中美经贸合作营造良好环境;此次磋商也表明,只有通过对话协商、平衡照顾各自利益关切,才能妥善化解矛盾、管控分歧、取得共识。

For years, China has steadfastly upheld the authority of WTO. We have adhered to the open, transparent, inclusive, non-discriminatory and rule-based WTO principles. Statistics show that there have been 40 cases against China since our accession to the WTO. During the same period, there have been 80 cases against the United States. Who is a better law-abiding member? Facts speak louder than words. So, the lesson is this: Be more constructive and create an enabling environment for China-US trade and economic cooperation. Last week’s consultation clearly shows that dialogue and consultation is the right way to balance the interests and concerns, and to resolve differences, manage disputes and achieve consensus.

 

  第四,要以客观、发展的视角而不是僵化封闭的眼光看待中国的知识产权保护。“人无完人,金无足赤。”保护知识产权没有尽善尽美,而保护知识产权的目的是为了发展与创新。目前,中国已建立了符合国际通行规则和中国国情的知识产权法律体系,在北京、上海、广州设立了知识产权法院,在15个城市设立知识产权专门审判机构。2017年中国法院新收一审知识产权案件超过21万件,专利行政执法办案总量突破4万件。2001年入世时,中国对外支付的知识产权使用费仅有19亿美元,2017年达到286亿美元。

My fourth suggestion is to recognize China’s real progress in intellectual property protection.

No gold is a hundred percent pure. No country is perfect in IP protection. The purpose for protecting intellectual property is to encourage innovation and promote development. China has established a complete system of IP protection laws following international practice and in keeping with China’s national conditions. There are now intellectual property courts in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and specialized IP tribunals in 15 cities. In 2017, there were over 210,000 first instance legal cases and over 40,000 administrative cases involving IP disputes and patent enforcement respectively. The amount of payment in IP royalties to overseas rights owners has increased, from $1.9 billion dollars in 2001 when China joined the WTO to $28.6 billion in 2017.

 

  同时,中国仍不断加强知识产权保护力度和国际合作。中国加入世界知识产权组织已近30年,2014年该组织还在北京设立办事处。中国积极推动在“一带一路”、金砖国家等框架下开展知识产权合作,不久前金砖国家共同签署了“知识产权合作联合声明”,共同推动新兴经济体知识产权发展;中国还与英国、欧盟、美国等建立了知识产权对话交流机制,与超过20个国家和地区签订了“专利审查高速路”协议,未来将继续推动全球知识产权体系向平衡、普惠、包容的方向发展。

At the same time, China continues to strengthen IP protection and enhance international cooperation. After being a member of WIPO for nearly 30 years, China welcomed the opening of a WIPO office in Beijing in 2014. China is promoting IP protection under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative and within the BRICS. Not long ago, China and its BRICS partners signed the Joint Statement on Strengthening Intellectual Property Cooperation to boost progress of IP development and protection in emerging economies. China also holds regular dialogues on IP protection with the UK, EU and US, and signed the Patent Prosecution Highway agreement with over 20 countries and regions. Going forward, China will continue working for a more balanced, universally beneficial and inclusive global intellectual property system.

 

女士们、先生们,

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

丘吉尔有一句名言,“不从历史中吸取教训的人,注定重蹈覆辙”。中国也有一句古语,“以史为鉴,可以知兴替”。中美贸易关系的走向对中美两国及全世界的发展与稳定都会产生深远影响。我衷心希望,通过解决此次贸易争端,世界上维护多边主义、反对单边主义,支持自由贸易、反对保护主义,主张互利共赢、反对“零和游戏”的共识和声音将更加响亮;国际社会加强协商与合作,世界经济和贸易保持良性发展的势头更加强劲!

Winston Churchill said, “Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” A Chinese idiom goes along the same line. It says, “History is a mirror that reflects the rises and falls of the tide of change.” The direction that China-US trade relationship is headed will have a far-reaching impact on the development and stability of China, the US and the rest of the world. It is therefore my sincere hope that with this latest effort of China and the US to solve trade disputes, the voice in favour of multilateralism, free trade and win-win cooperation will grow louder over the clamour for unilateralism, protectionism and “zero-sum game”. It is also my sincere hope that following the China-US consensus, international consultation and cooperation will be enhanced and the world economy and trade will take on a stronger momentum.

 

英国历来是自由贸易理念的积极倡导者,也是多边贸易体制的坚定捍卫者。我们期待与英国各界人士一道,坚定维护自由开放的多边贸易体制,共同为促进世界经济和贸易健康发展、为开创人类更加美好的未来做出贡献!

The UK has always been an active advocate for free trade and a firm defender of multilateral trade regime. We look forward to joining hands with people from all walks of life in Britain to firmly uphold the multilateral trade regime. Together we can facilitate the sound development of the world economy and global trade. Together we can contribute our part to building a more beautiful future for all mankind.

 

  谢谢!

Thank you.

 

下面,我愿回答大家的提问。

I am ready to take your questions.